Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining momentum due to several factors, including the price reduction as well as the climate and environmental awareness. This paper reviews the advances of EVs regarding battery technology trends, charging methods, as well as new research challenges and open opportunities. More specifically, an analysis of the worldwide market situation of EVs and their future prospects is carried out. Given that one of the fundamental aspects in EVs is the battery, the paper presents a thorough review of the battery technologies—from the Lead-acid batteries to the Lithium-ion. Moreover, we review the different standards that are available for EVs charging process, as well as the power control and battery energy management proposals. Finally, we conclude our work by presenting our vision about what is expected in the near future within this field, as well as the research aspects that are still open for both industry and academic communities.

A Review on Electric Vehicles: Technologies and Challenges

China’s Battery Electric Vehicles Lead the World: Achievements in Technology System Architecture and Technological Breakthroughs

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming increasingly popular for applications such as inspections, delivery, agriculture, surveillance, and many more. It is estimated that, by 2040, UAVs/drones will become a mainstream delivery channel to satisfy the growing demand for parcel delivery. Though the UAVs are gaining interest in civil applications, the future of UAV charging is facing a set of vital concerns and open research challenges. Considering the case of parcel delivery, handling countless drones and their charging will become complex and laborious. The need for non-contact based multi-device charging techniques will be crucial in saving time and human resources. To efficiently address this issue, Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) for UAVs is a promising technology for multi-drone charging and autonomous handling of multiple devices. In the literature of the past five years, limited surveys were conducted for wireless UAV charging. Moreover, vital problems such as coil weight constraints, comparison between existing charging techniques, shielding methods and many other key issues are not addressed. This motivates the author in conducting this review for addressing the crucial aspects of wireless UAV charging. Furthermore, this review provides a comprehensive comparative study on wireless charging’s technical aspects conducted by prominent research laboratories, universities, and industries. The paper also discusses UAVs’ history, UAVs structure, categories of UAVs, mathematical formulation of coil and WPT standards for safer operation.

/pdf/a-review-on-uav-wireless-charging-fundamentals-applications-1auwpcaojg.pdf

A Review on UAV Wireless Charging: Fundamentals, Applications, Charging Techniques and Standards

In this paper, a design and control scheme of the inductive power transfer (IPT) system for electric vehicles are proposed, considering a wide variation in output voltage and coupling coefficient. The characteristics of the proposed IPT system and a design method for the resonant network are suggested. By utilizing the battery management converter at the secondary side, the design and control can be simplified while managing the output voltage and power of the battery. In order to achieve high efficiency by reducing the voltage–ampere rating, zero phase angle tracking control is proposed. In addition, a phase-shift control is applied to the primary side to ensure the stable system operation by limiting output voltage. A 3.3-kW laboratory prototype with magnetic power pads is manufactured, and the validity of the proposed design and control is verified through experimental results using the laboratory prototype.

Design and Control of Inductive Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicles Considering Wide Variation of Output Voltage and Coupling Coefficient

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are rapidly becoming an important facet in the drive for attaining sustainable energy goals. However, EV sales still constitute only a small proportion of vehicles in most countries. The expansion of DC fast-charging network will facilitate a sustainable transportation revolution by offering end-user a versatile choice to charge EVs for longer journeys. Power converters play a significant role in the design and operation of EV charging stations. Modern technologies in charging stations are promising, where state-of-the-art research allows idle batteries or EVs to operate as distributed energy sources. However, it is always important to ensure input current harmonics and power factors are within the standard specification. Solid-state switch-mode power converters have reached a level of maturity with regards to the improvement in power quality and precisely regulating voltage levels during bidirectional power flow operation. This paper presents an exposition of EV charging systems, including incentives for development, structures, power converters, standards, industrial applications, and emerging trends. Furthermore, state-of-the-art technologies, including both academic and real-world EV charging technologies, have been carefully chosen, and a quantitative assessment of the technologies has been provided in this paper.

A comprehensive review on system architecture and international standards for electric vehicle charging stations

A family of compensation topologies for capacitive power transfer converters for wireless electric vehicle charger

Inductive power transfer (IPT) is an attractive wireless power charging option in many applications such as electric vehicle biomedical devices and consumer electronics, etc. Constant current and constant voltage (CC-CV) charging profile is widely used for charging applications due to affecting the life and the reliability of the Li-ion battery. However, the IPT systems that can achieve both CC and CV modes with soft switching are not well studied. This paper presents an inductive power transfer system for wireless charging without a back-end converter, which achieves the required two-stage charging profile with high efficiency by keeping inverters’ soft switching operation. The characteristics of an LCC-S compensation topology have been investigated thoroughly. Two fixed resonant frequencies, whose analytical expressions have been derived, can be found to realize constant current output and constant voltage output respectively under zero-phase angle condition. Besides, an effective tuning method has been presented for zero voltage switching realization to reduce the switching loss. Moreover, a parameter design procedure has been summarized for the wireless charger with a simplified structure and high efficiency. Finally, the method is validated through experiments on a 3.5kW prototype realizing constant current and constant voltage outputs with a peak efficiency of 97.3%.

/pdf/a-novel-design-method-of-lcc-s-compensated-inductive-power-psc7l7vesz.pdf

A Novel Design Method of LCC-S Compensated Inductive Power Transfer System Combining Constant Current and Constant Voltage Mode via Frequency Switching

With the demand for mass-produced commercial electric vehicles (EVs) growing over the last few years, the requirement for EV charging will increase, with continued growth as the number of on-road EVs increases. The EV wireless charging technology offers more flexibility than traditional plug-in charging technology for the following reasons: 1) full automation; 2) fast response; 3) high-power capacity; and 4) safety. The charging coupler is the key component in an inductive wireless charging system. This is a medium to high-frequency transformer (20 kHz), the core loss and the copper loss have to be considered carefully since these will affect the efficiency of the coupler. This paper presents the analysis of a circular coupler with ferrite bar cores and includes the analysis of the core loss considers the sizing of the device. The device is circular on a vertical axis and the air gap is large since there has to be a gap between the charger and vehicle. Therefore, the variation of the transformer coupler diameter is considered in terms of primary/secondary linkage for a fixed air gap. Resonance is used to improve the power factor and boost the transformer output voltage. The core loss is analyzed using finite element analysis in ANSYS Maxwell and the copper loss assumed the use of Litz wire.

Loss Analysis of Circular Wireless EV Charging Coupler

Electric vehicles numbers are increasing but they still have issues with range between charges. Battery pack energy density is still low compared to the density of fossil fuel so it is advantageous to offer more recharging windows. This will also reduce consumer “range anxiety”. Automatic inductive charging technology can connect the vehicle to the grid during very short stops, or even during on-road use. The core system device is the charging coupler which transfers power from grid to vehicle. It is a medium-frequency loosely-coupled transformer and the efficiency is critical to the charging process. The loss in the coupler can be categorized into core loss and copper loss. Litz-wire can be used to reduce eddy current loss. This paper analyzes this loss and the AC resistance of multiconductor wires and calculates the magnetic field within the winding. The copper loss of the coupler is then estimated.

Copper Loss Analysis of EV Charging Coupler

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in electric vehicles. However they are still not a major choice for the consumer. This is probably due to many reasons including price and driving range, which is largely due the limitations of current battery technology and the speed with which they can be charged. Wireless charging systems have shown potential for electric vehicle charging. They are convenient, safe when compared to traditional plug-in charging systems. Wireless charging can help reducing electric vehicle pricing if it is done during travel because this will minimize the required battery storage on board. However wireless charging is still limited by the wireless coupler - they currently have low transfer efficiency. This paper presents a state-of-the-art literature review on the recent advancements in charging coupler design.

Review of wireless charging coupler for electric vehicles

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Shuo Wang

Author Tools

Chat about Author