This paper presents, for the first time, a singly balanced mixer on the basis of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) magic-T structure This scheme has a number of attractive inherent features such as a high isolation between input ports and also a stable phase relation between output ports The mixer is designed and fabricated by means of a standard printed circuit board (PCB) process and measurements agree well with simulations The measured conversion gain is higher than -95 dB in the case of applying -20 dBm RF signal for both high and low LO power configurations at 106 GHz over the entire RF frequency band of 10-1055 GHz Furthermore, the conversion gain attains a constant maximum of -65plusmn07 dB when the injected LO power is increased from +5 dBm to +18 dBm Moreover, the input 1-dB compression point is measured to be about +7 dBm at an LO power of +13 dBm

Singly balanced mixer using substrate integrated waveguide magic-T structure

In this paper, two filtering baluns exploiting a combination of spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) techniques are proposed. The characteristic of out-of-phase between two output ports can be achieved by employing the multilayered SIW structures. The sub-wavelength periodic slots in improved dumbbell-shapes are etched on the top and bottom surfaces of SIW transmission lines (TLs). The dispersion characteristics and transmission performance of the SSPP-SIW unit cells are meticulously investigated. The lower and upper cut-off frequency can be controlled independently by adjusting the physical sizes of the SIW and SSPP structures. For validation, two cases of filtering baluns are designed, fabricated and measured. The measured and simulated results have reached satisfactory agreements. The experimental results exhibit that the developed prototype can achieve a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of>66%. Furthermore, HMSIW is implemented to integrate with SSPP configuration to decrease the circuital area of SSPP-SIW filtering balun by 50%. 

Broadband filtering balun employing spoof surface plasmon polariton and substrate integrated waveguide

To date, few broadband DRAs can cover n257, n258, n260, and n261 bands with a small physical footprint (e.g., < <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.4\lambda _{0}\times 0.4\lambda _{0}\times 0.15\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-space wavelength at 28GHz). This article proposes a compact and broadband substrate-integrated dielectric resonator antenna (SIDRA) suitable for 5G millimeter-wave band applications. Four operating modes from three resonators, including TE111 and TE131 modes from the DR, slot mode from the H-shaped feeding slot, and patch mode from the inserted ring patch, are excited to achieve a bandwidth of 61.9% (24-45.5 GHz) with a compact size of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.37{\lambda }_{0}\times 0.37{\lambda }_{0}\times 0.125{\lambda }_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The proposed DRA can be extended to an array with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 0.5 \lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> element interval to obtain wide-angle beam scanning capability. A <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> SIDRA array was simulated, achieving beam-scanning area of ±45° and ±32° at the frequencies of 28/39 GHz. Further, the DRA array was fabricated and tested. It offers a measured 10-dB bandwidth (|S11| ≤ −10 dB) of ~60.4% (23.5-43.7 GHz), in which the gain varies between 10.1 to 12.5 dBi.

Compact and Broadband Substrate Integrated Dielectric Resonator Antenna Suitable for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communications

Beam-switching is one of the paramount focuses of 28 GHz millimeter-wave 5G devices. In this paper, a one-dimensional (1D) pattern reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna (LWA) was investigated and developed for wireless terminals. In order to provide a cost-effective solution, a uniform half-width LWA was used. The 1D beam-switching LWA was designed using three feed points at three different positions; by selecting the feeds, the direction of the beam can be switched. The antenna can switch the beam in three different directions along the antenna axis, such as backward, broadside, and forward. The 1D beam-switching antenna was fabricated, and because of the wide beamwidth, the measured radiation patterns can fill 128∘ of space (3 dB coverage), from θ = −64∘ to +64∘ at ϕ = 0∘. Following this, two of these antennas were placed at right angles to each other to achieve two-directional (2D) beam switching. The 2D beam-switching antenna pair was also prototyped and tested after integrating them into the ground plane of a wireless device. The antenna is able to point the beam in five different directions; moreover, its beam covers 167∘ (θ = −89∘ to +78∘) at ϕ = 0∘, and 154∘ (θ = −72∘ to +82∘) at ϕ = 90∘.

Beam-Switching Antennas for 5G Millimeter-Wave Wireless Terminals

The paper introduces a self-isolated quad-port multi input multi output antenna system designed for fifth-generation wireless communication. The reported antenna structure possesses an overall dimension of 12.4 × 12.4 × 0.508 mm3 and is derived from a single-element antenna, featuring a circular patch accompanied by a sectoral slot. To achieve the desired frequency band, an additional circular patch is purposefully placed over the main radiator. The development of each design stage in the antenna structure is investigated using the theory of characteristic mode. This configured multi-element antenna structure achieves a broad operational bandwidth spanning 4.5 GHz, encompassing frequencies from 26.1 GHz to 30.6 GHz, rendering the antenna well-suited for deployment in the millimeter-wave frequency bands of n257, n258, and n261 respectively. A total gain of 6.27 dBi is achieved with port isolation of −24 dB. Furthermore, the antenna undergoes validation for diversity metrics, including envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, channel capacity loss, total active reflection coefficient, and mean effective gain. The antenna is fabricated and experimentally validated with the simulated counterpart. Later, a comparative analysis has been conducted which revealed that the proposed antenna demonstrates > 80 % increase in compactness compared to existing antenna designs documented in the literature. 

Characteristic mode based self isolated MIMO antenna design for millimeter wave 5G communications

This letter presents a dual-wideband dual-polarized antenna that fully covers the fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands of n257−n261 (24.25–29.5 GHz and 37–43.5 GHz), and that shows a low-profile feature and a band-stop filtering response. For each polarization, the low-band and high-band radiation modes are, respectively, achieved by the two pairs of U-shaped dipole arms which are distributed along the co- and cross-polarized directions. Meanwhile, a radiation null is generated by the radiating cancellation effect of the two pairs of dipole arms, suppressing the unwanted frequency between the two operating bands. Moreover, an extra high-band resonant mode is introduced by the parasitic patches, enhancing the bandwidth of the proposed antenna. Furthermore, a vertical balun structure connecting each dipole arm with the ground is bent to reduce the antenna profile. In the fabrication, high-density interconnect printed circuit board process is employed to meet the antenna-in-package consideration. Under the constrained substrate thickness of 1 mm, the proposed antenna achieves a dual-wideband operation of 24–30 GHz (22%) and 37–43.5 GHz (16%). These merits make the proposed antenna suitable for 5G mm-wave communications.

Low-Profile Dual-Wideband Dual-Polarized Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communications

A high selectivity wideband balun bandpass filter based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and complementary split rings resonators (CSRRs) is proposed. 180 ◦ reverse phase characteristic between the two output ports can be easily realized by the multi-layer SIW power divider. Eight complementary split rings resonators are used to achieve the sharp rejection upper stopband. The proposed wideband balun filter exhibits a fractional bandwidth of 37% centered at 9.45 GHz and amplitude and phase imbalance less than 0.5 dB and 1 ◦ .

https://www.jpier.org/pierl/pierl53/18.15040701.pdf

Wideband Balun Bandpass Filter Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide and CSRRs

This letter presents a miniaturized dual-wideband millimeter-wave (mm-wave) antenna in package with filtering function. The proposed antenna mainly consists of four radiation patches and metallized vias. By introducing a pair of shorting pins underneath each radiation patch, the proposed antenna realizes dual-band operation in different modes. The upper band operates in the magnetoelectric dipole mode, while the lower band radiates through a new magnetic dipole. Besides, a radiation null is generated in-between the two operating bands to suppress signals. Furthermore, another pair of shorting pins is loaded on both sides of the probe, which generates two radiation nulls in the upper stopband. The dimensions of antenna are only 0.28λl × 0.28λl × 0.075λl at 24 GHz. To verify the proposed approach, a prototype of 1 × 4 array is fabricated using a high density interconnection process. The measured −10 dB bandwidth of the array covers 24−30 GHz and 37−43.5 GHz with an average gain of 8 and 9.1 dBi, respectively. Besides, three radiation nulls are formed, suppressing the out-of-band gain by more than 13 dB. The proposed antenna with such superior performance demonstrates great potential for millimeter-wave applications.

Miniaturized Dual-Wideband Millimeter-Wave Filtenna in Package for 5G Applications

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Low-Profile Dual-Wideband Dual-Polarized Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communications

Wideband Balun Bandpass Filter Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide and CSRRs

Miniaturized Dual-Wideband Millimeter-Wave Filtenna in Package for 5G Applications