Bio-inspired lightweight polypropylene foams with tunable hierarchical tubular porous structure and its application for oil-water separation

With the continuous advancements of urbanization, the demand for power cables is increasing to replace overhead lines for energy transmission and distribution. Due to undesirable scenarios, e.g., the short circuit or poor contact, the cables can cause fire. The cable sheath has a significant effect on fire expansion. Thus, it is of great significance to carry out research on flame-retardant modification for cable sheath material to prevent fire accidents. With the continuous environmental concern, polyolefin (PO) is expected to gradually replace polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for cable sheath material. Moreover, the halogen-free flame retardants (FRs), which are the focus of this paper, will replace the ones with halogen gradually. The halogen-free FRs used in PO cable sheath material can be divided into inorganic flame retardant, organic flame retardant, and intumescent flame retardant (IFR). However, most FRs will cause severe damage to the mechanical properties of the PO cable sheath material, mainly reflected in the elongation at break and tensile strength. Therefore, the cooperative modification of PO materials for flame retardancy and mechanical properties has become a research hotspot. For this review, about 240 works from the literature related to FRs used in PO materials were investigated. It is shown that the simultaneous improvement for flame retardancy and mechanical properties mainly focuses on surface treatment technology, nanotechnology, and the cooperative effect of multiple FRs. The principle is mainly to improve the compatibility of FRs with PO polymers and/or increase the efficiency of FRs.

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Recent Advances in Halogen-Free Flame Retardants for Polyolefin Cable Sheath Materials

Preparation of rigid cross-linked PVC foam with excellent thermal insulation through adding high-reflectivity IR opacifier

Preparation and properties of polybutylene‐terephthalate/graphene oxide in situ flame‐retardant material

Halogen‐free intumescent flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the microcellular polypropylene with low expansion ratio via continuous extrusion assisted by subcritical CO 2

The objective of this study was to explore a new approach to enhance the flame retardancy of polypropylene/intumescent flame retardant (PP/IFR) composites through improving IFR dispersion via continuous extrusion with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as the processing medium. The IFR used in this study consisted of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) at a weight ratio of 3 : 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to study the dispersion of IFR in the PP composites prepared in the presence of different contents of scCO2. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the effect of IFR dispersion on the thermal stability and the yield of char residues of the PP composites. A plastic smoke generation tester was applied to study the specific optical density under a thermal irradiance. SEM was then used to study the morphologies of the intumescent char formed after the smoke testing. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test (UL-94) ratings were evaluated to study the effect of IFR dispersion on the flame retardancy of the PP composites. It was found that scCO2 as the processing medium could significantly improve IFR dispersion and thus increase the efficiency of the flame retardant and enhance the flame retardancy of the PP composites. This new approach could allow PP composites to pass the UL-94 V-0 rating at a lower IFR content. Possible mechanisms were proposed for the scCO2-aided IFR dispersion and the improved flame retardancy of the PP composites.

A new approach designed for improving flame retardancy of intumescent polypropylene via continuous extrusion with supercritical CO2

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A new approach designed for improving flame retardancy of intumescent polypropylene via continuous extrusion with supercritical CO2