다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Since the discovery of mechanically exfoliated graphene in 2004, research on ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has grown exponentially in the fields of condensed matter physics, material science, chemistry, and nanotechnology. Highlighting their compelling physical, chemical, electronic, and optical properties, as well as their various potential applications, in this Review, we summarize the state-of-art progress on the ultrathin 2D nanomaterials with a particular emphasis on their recent advances. First, we introduce the unique advances on ultrathin 2D nanomaterials, followed by the description of their composition and crystal structures. The assortments of their synthetic methods are then summarized, including insights on their advantages and limitations, alongside some recommendations on suitable characterization techniques. We also discuss in detail the utilization of these ultrathin 2D nanomaterials for wide ranges of potential applications among the electronics/optoelectronics, electrocat...

Recent Advances in Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

A topical review of numerical and experimental studies of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber is presented over the full range of experimentally reported parameters, from the femtosecond to the continuous-wave regime. Results from numerical simulations are used to discuss the temporal and spectral characteristics of the supercontinuum, and to interpret the physics of the underlying spectral broadening processes. Particular attention is given to the case of supercontinuum generation seeded by femtosecond pulses in the anomalous group velocity dispersion regime of photonic crystal fiber, where the processes of soliton fission, stimulated Raman scattering, and dispersive wave generation are reviewed in detail. The corresponding intensity and phase stability properties of the supercontinuum spectra generated under different conditions are also discussed.

Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber

As they travel through space, some light beams rotate. Such light beams have angular momentum. There are two particularly important ways in which a light beam can rotate: if every polarization vector rotates, the light has spin; if the phase structure rotates, the light has orbital angular momentum (OAM), which can be many times greater than the spin. Only in the past 20 years has it been realized that beams carrying OAM, which have an optical vortex along the axis, can be easily made in the laboratory. These light beams are able to spin microscopic objects, give rise to rotational frequency shifts, create new forms of imaging systems, and behave within nonlinear material to give new insights into quantum optics.

/pdf/orbital-angular-momentum-origins-behavior-and-applications-1sv8qfuhrs.pdf

Orbital angular momentum: origins, behavior and applications

The amplification of a ultrabroad bandwidth pulse in an erbium-doped nonlinear amplifying fibre loop mirror (ED-NALM) in the case of pulses with spectral bandwidth comparable to the gain bandwidth is investigated. Based on the numerical simulation of a modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation, it is shown that the amplifier will distort the pulse spectrum and limit the efficiency of amplification. However, the distortion can be minimized by choosing the corresponding optimal loop length for different gain bandwidth. In addition, the performance of ED-NALM is sensitive to variation in gain bandwidth when the pulse is initially frequency chirped, while it is slightly sensitive to variation in gain bandwidth when the input pulse has a different peak power at the optimal loop length.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1464-4258/9/1/019/pdf

Effect of gain bandwidth on the amplification of ultrabroad bandwidth pulse in an erbium-doped nonlinear amplifying fibre loop mirror

We report a tunable continuous-wave and Bi 2 Te 3 Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser based on a volume Bragg grating (VBG), which demonstrates that VBGs exhibit great potential in wavelength selection for applications in mid-infrared tunable laser sources.

Volume Bragg grating based tunable continuous-wave and Bi 2 Te 3 Q-switched Er 3+ :ZBLAN fiber laser

We investigate the Doppler effect associated with light beams carrying orbital angular momentum in left-handed materials (LHMs). The Doppler shift divides into four tapes of contribution: an axial contribution along the propagation direction, a contribution due to the Gouy phase, a contribution of the beam curvature, and finally an azimuthal contribution due to the screwing wavefront. We demonstrate that the axial Doppler effect in LHMs is reversed as expected. The additional contribution caused by Gouy phase shift and beam curvature should also be reversed. However the azimuthal Doppler shift, proportional to the orbital angular momentum of photons, is unreversed. The physics underlying this intriguing effect is the joint contributions of negative phase velocity and inverse screw of wave-front. We predict that the orbital angular moment of the photon in LHMs should remain its direction unreversed.

Doppler effect of Laguerre-Gaussian beams propagating in left-handed materials

The phenomenon of hot image in high power lasers is closely related to the spatial uniformity of laser beams and the
running safety of laser systems. Here we study the formation of the second-order hot image of phase defect in the
high-power broadband laser system, special attention is payed to the role of bandwidth of incident beam in the formation
of the second-order hot image. It is shown that, as the laser bandwidth increases by either increasing the positive
temporal chirp or reducing the pulse duration the intensity of the second-order hot image decreases. However, as the
amount of negative chirp increases, the intensity of the second-order hot image increases first but decreases after
reaching a maximum value. The distance between the second-order hot image and the nonlinear medium is found to be
about half that between the phase defect and the nonlinear medium. The influence of phase shift caused by the phase
defect and nonlinear effect on the formation of the second-order hot image is also numerically studied.

Formation of the second-order hot image in broadband laser systems

Erratum: Enlargement of zero averaged refractive index gaps in the photonic heterostructures containing negative-index materials [Phys. Rev. E 76, 056604 (2007)]

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