A review on the mechanics of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced structures

Supercapacitors are the latest development in the field of energy storage devices (ESDs). A lot of research has been done in the last few decades to increase the performance of supercapacitors. The electrodes of supercapacitors are modified by composite materials based on conducting polymers, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, MXenes, chalcogenides, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), etc. In comparison to rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors have advantages such as quick charging and high power density. This review is focused on the progress in the development of electrode materials for supercapacitors using composite materials based on conducting polymers, graphene, metal oxide nanoparticles/nanofibres, and CNTs. Moreover, we investigated different types of ESDs as well as their electrochemical energy storage mechanisms and kinetic aspects. We have also discussed the classification of different types of SCs; advantages and drawbacks of SCs and other ESDs; and the use of nanofibres, carbon, CNTs, graphene, metal oxide–nanofibres, and conducting polymers as electrode materials for SCs. Furthermore, modifications in the development of different types of SCs such as pseudo-capacitors, hybrid capacitors, and electrical double-layer capacitors are discussed in detail; both electrolyte-based and electrolyte-free supercapacitors are taken into consideration. This review will help in designing and fabricating high-performance supercapacitors with high energy density and power output, which will act as an alternative to Li-ion batteries in the future.

Developments in conducting polymer-, metal oxide-, and carbon nanotube-based composite electrode materials for supercapacitors: a review

Graphene-reinforced metal matrix composites: fabrication, properties, and challenges

In this study we examined the mechanisms of graphene reinforcement in CFRP and the resulting improvements to mechanical strength, resistance to crack propagation, and thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures. Plant-based graphene nanoplatelets (pGNP), produced from renewable biomass and with flakes 3–10 layers dispersed in alcohol/water was applied via spray at 2.3 g/m2 to unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg, creating an interlaminar nanocomposite. Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and DMA show polymer crosslinking with graphene surface groups and the resulting restriction of side chain movement. These restrictions improve composite performance at ambient and elevated temperatures, extending the damage process zone and increasing fracture toughness. Interlaminar pGNP improved Mode I fracture toughness at crack initiation by 145% at 20 °C and 126% at 90 °C, with fracture toughness improved by 53% and 52% during propagation at 20 °C and 90 °C, respectively. Mode II fracture toughness was not changed at 20 °C and improved 55% at 90 °C. 

Mechanical and thermal properties of carbon fiber epoxy composite with interlaminar graphene at elevated temperature

From our ordinary lives to various mechanical systems, friction and wear are often unavoidable phenomena that are heavily responsible for excessive expenditures of nonrenewable energy, the damages and failures of system movement components, as well as immense economic losses. Thus, achieving low friction and high anti-wear performance is critical for minimization of these adverse factors. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, including transition metal dichalcogenides, single elements, transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides, hexagonal boron nitride, and metal-organic frameworks have attracted remarkable interests in friction and wear reduction of various applications, owing to their atomic-thin planar morphologies and tribological potential. In this paper, we systematically review the current tribological progress on 2D nanomaterials when used as lubricant additives, reinforcement phases in the coatings and bulk materials, or a major component of superlubricity system. Additionally, the conclusions and prospects on 2D nanomaterials with the existing drawbacks, challenges and future direction in such tribological fields are briefly provided. Finally, we sincerely hope such a review will offer valuable lights for 2D nanomaterial-related researches dedicated on tribology in the future. 

Review of two-dimensional nanomaterials in tribology: Recent developments, challenges and prospects.

Recent Advances on Graphene: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Simulated and measured spatial resolution of framing converter using short magnetic focusing

In recent years, carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanodiamonds have been regarded as versatile triboproducts such as copper coins for various engineering/commerce-scaled applications. Their large-scale usages as ideal reinforcements for the key tribomaterials are motivated by their huge interfacial areas, unique physical/chemical characteristics, as well as multiple scale load-transferring mechanisms. Numerous investigators have kept on studying the possibilities of using carbon nanomaterials as solid lubricants, lubricating additives, or the superlubricated push hand. This review offers a comprehensive discussion of up-to-date survey in carbon nanomaterials for achieving the low friction and high wear resistant in the forms of coatings, bulk materials, lubricants; or even superlubric state in the tribosystems from nanoscale to macroscale. Finally, important conclusions, foreseeable challenges, and future outlooks for carbon nanomaterials are highlighted as the concluding remarks that are needed to impulse nanotechnology maturation and developments of tribological fields such as copper coin protections.

Recent Progress on Carbon Nanomaterials for Resisting the Wear Damages

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Recent Advances on Graphene: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Simulated and measured spatial resolution of framing converter using short magnetic focusing

Recent Progress on Carbon Nanomaterials for Resisting the Wear Damages