Environment, Power, and Society

Hydrogen energy storage integrated hybrid renewable energy systems: A review analysis for future research directions

Liquid air energy storage (LAES) represents one of the main alternatives to large-scale electrical energy storage solutions from medium to long-term period such as compressed air and pumped hydro energy storage. Indeed, characterized by one of the highest volumetric energy density (≈200 kWh/m3), LAES can overcome the geographical constraints from which the actual mature large-scale electrical energy storage technologies suffer from. LAES is based on the concept that air can be liquefied, stored, and used at a later time to produce electricity. Although the liquefaction of air has been studied for over a century, the first concept of using cryogenics as energy storage was proposed for the first time in 1977 and rediscovered only in recent times. Indeed, the need for alternative energy vectors in the energy system attracted many researchers to discover the potential of the use of cryogenic media. This has brought the realization of a first LAES pilot plant and a growing number of studies regarding LAES systems. The main drawback of this technology is the low round-trip efficiency that can be estimated around 50–60% for large-scale systems. However, due to its thermo-mechanical nature, LAES is a versatile energy storage concept that can be easily integrated with other thermal energy systems or energy sources in a wide range of applications. Most of the literature published is based on thermodynamic and economic analysis focusing on different LAES configurations. This paper provides a collection of the papers published on LAES and it classifies the various studies conducted in different categories. Future perspectives show that hybrid LAES solutions with efficient design of the waste energy recovery sections are the most promising configuration to enhance the techno-economic performance of the stand-alone system.

A review on liquid air energy storage: History, state of the art and recent developments

An effective stochastic framework for smart coordinated operation of wind park and energy storage unit

Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) systems are thermal energy storage systems which take electrical and thermal energy as inputs, create a thermal energy reservoir, and regenerate electrical and thermal energy output on demand. These systems have been suggested for use in grid scale energy storage, demand side management and for facilitating an increase in renewable power integration into the current power network. This paper presents a comprehensive review of LAES systems, ranging from the first known mention of LAES systems in literature to the most recent studies. This review covers liquefaction systems, power generation systems, integrated systems (combining LAES with other industrial processes) and physical LAES plant demonstrations. Although significant analysis of LAES systems has been done to date, there remains a gap between published LAES literature, and how LAES systems would operate optimally at large scale. To bridge this gap, future LAES research should involve multivariate analysis of LAES systems under dynamic, transient conditions, with the aim of identifying and potential design implications, and to further assess the operational and economic viability of LAES systems in use at large scale. This paper aims to achieve a holistic, critical review of all published work relating to LAES systems.

Liquid air energy storage systems: A review

A Comparison between a Natural Gas Power Plant and a Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Power Plant Based on an Emergy Analysis

Comprehensive comparison on the ecological performance and environmental sustainability of three energy storage systems employed for a wind farm by using an emergy analysis

The nucleation phenomenon and its consequence formation of droplets are destructive effects that occur as a result of the sudden expansion of the flow through the steam turbine blades. The formation of these droplets causes blade corrosion and severe thermodynamic losses, thereby reducing the turbine efficiencyg.In this paper, two holes on the pressure and suction surfaces of the turbine blade were improvised in order to control and optimize the turbine performance. These holes transfer the steam from the high-pressure to the low-pressure part of the cascade; accordingly, the steam is moved from within the cascade itself without using the external steam. For this purpose, an in-house code is written in two-dimensional, compressible, viscous, and turbulent, based on Navier–Stokes equations. To simulate the turbulent flow, the k-kL- ω turbulence model is used. The governing equations of the dry flow are solved by the Eulerian approach using a semi-implicit density-based method. Also, in order to avoid the oscillations caused by high accuracy numerical solution, a limiter method called Normalized Variable Diagram (NVD) is employed. For the wet part of the solution field, the equations corresponding to the Lagrangian form are solved. To validate the present numerical code, the results are compared with the experimental data and good agreement is obtained. The results showed that as the hole inlet comes to close the leading edge, further improvement is achieved. Constructing the holes on the suction and pressure surfaces in the case where the holes inlet were closer to the leading edge resulted in complete removal of the wetness from suction and pressure surfaces, and on the middle passage at the outlet of the turbine blade was reduced by 6.7% compared to the baseline geometry. The droplet radius size at the turbine blade outlet on the suction, pressure and mid-pass surface decreased by 99%, 95%, and 29%, respectively, compared to the baseline geometry. Since the hole construction is a passive flow control method without the need to consume energy, using this method to control wet steam is an optimal method.

Numerical simulation and passive control of condensing flow through turbine blade by NVD Method Using Eulerian–Lagrangian Model

Improvement of aerodynamic performance of an offshore wind turbine blade by moving surface mechanism

This paper investigates the effects of co-flow jet on the aerodynamic performance of some symmetric blade sections of wind turbines. The Reynolds number of 1.3 × 105, angles of attack between 0° an...

Effects of CFJ flow control on aerodynamic performance of symmetric NACA airfoils

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