Dearth of fresh water worldwide has given rise to solemn alarms since a decade. Economical administration of water resources plays a critical role when it is mainly with reference to the agriculture zone. Irrigation is generally functions along with canal plan by which water is pumped up into fields once at regular period of time according to farmers habitual ways without appropriate measurements with none feedback of water level in field. This kind of irrigation method will definitely hinder the crop growth and health and produces a poor yield as a result of some crops area component too susceptible to water content in soil. The ingenuous ICT technique presents an insolent system that uses minimum value soil wetness sensing element and temperature sensing element to manage facility in water shortage regions. The sensor, those vocations on the standard of moisture reliant resistance amendment between two points within the soil, is invented with the help of low cost materials and ways. Moisture and temperature knowledge is fetched from a sensing element node is distributed through an Arduino to a centralized server that controls facility. An automaton application is developed to envision the daily wetness and temperature knowledge. Moreover, the planned wetness sensing and temperature sensing ways have the power to be incorporated into machine-controlled which is automatic irrigation theme and perform automated, exactness agriculture in conjunction with de-centralized water management system. Application results illustrate that system through the embedded controlled technology which makes it complete intelligent irrigation, enhance the agricultural produce and improve soil health by irrigation, the water is used fruitfully and irrigation system automation is achieved mostly in all aspects.

Automation of irrigation system through embedded computing technology

In India, a large number of population depend upon agriculture for their livelihood The ground water levels have come down drastically due to decrease in rainfall and increase in global warming In the conventional irrigation techniques, farmer has to go to the field regularly for checking the condition of the crops and for watering it With the improvements in digital and communication technologies, automatic irrigation systems have come into existence In this paper, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based Automatic Irrigation and Security System using Raspberry Pi is implemented In the proposed system, Raspberry Pi is used as a Coordinator node (CR node), Arduino as End node device, and nRF24L01 transceiver is used for wireless communication and data transfer between the CR node and end node Each Arduino node collects the various sensor inputs such as soil moisture, temperature, PIR sensor status sends them wirelessly to Raspberry Pi Based on the sensor parameters and soil status, the water pump is turned on and the various sensor node values are posted on the webpage using Raspberry Pi web server Farmer can monitor the status of the field on the webpage Also, there is an option to turn ON/OFF the water pump manually from the webpage The PIR sensor and a buzzer are used to protect the crop from the cattle entering the field The system can reduce the water consumption and wastage of water to the crop It results in increasing yield and more profit to the farmer

WSN based Automatic Irrigation and Security System using Raspberry Pi Board

This research presents a new variable rate drip irrigation (VRDI) emitter design that can monitor individual water drops. Conventional drip systems cannot monitor the individual water flow rate per emitter. Application uniformity for conventional drip emitters can be decreased by clogged emitters, irregular emitter orifices, and decreases in pressure. A VRDI emitter can overcome the irrigation challenges in the field by increasing water application uniformity for each plant and reducing water losses. Flow rate is affected by the diameter of the delivery pipe and the pressure of the irrigation delivery system. This study compares the volumetric water flow rate for conventional drip emitters and new VRDI emitters with variable diameters inner (1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm, and 1.6 mm) and outside (3 mm, 3.5 mm, 4 mm, and 4.5 mm) with three pressures (34 kPa, 69 kPa, and 103 kPa). The tests revealed that the new VRDI emitter had flow rates that increased as the operating pressure increased similar to a conventional drip tube. The flow rate was slightly increased in the VRDI with pressure, but even this increase did not show large changes in the flow rate. The flow rate of the conventional drip tube was 88% larger than the VRDI emitter for all pressures (p < 0.05). However, operating pressure did not affect the drop sizes at the VRDI emitter, but the generalized linear mixed models (GLM) results show that volume per drop was impacted by the outside diameter of the VRDI outlet (p < 0.05). The interaction between the inner and outside diameter was also significant at p < 0.01, and the interaction between outside diameter and pressure was statistically significant at p < 0.01. The electronic components used to control our VRDI emitter are readily compatible with off-the-shelf data telemetry solutions; thus, each emitter could be controlled remotely and relay data to a centralized data repository or decision-maker, and a plurality of these emitters could be used to enable full-field scale VRDI.

Testing Novel New Drip Emitter with Variable Diameters for a Variable Rate Drip Irrigation

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012034/pdf

Performance analysis of drip and sprinkler irrigation on pineapple cultivation

A field experiment was conducted in Al-Yusufiya district - Al-Mahmoudiya district, Baghdad province during the winter season 2021, to study improving the efficiency and management of water use and the productivity of lettuce under different irrigation systems. The Nested-Factorial Experiments design was used, where the main plots include the first factor, irrigation levels (I1) 50%, (I2) 75%, (I3) 100, (I4) 125%, (I5) 150% ETpan. After depleting 35% of the available water and in terms of climatic data from the American Evaporative Basin, Class A. Then the main factor is divided into three replicates, and the coefficients of the second factor are distributed randomly within each replicate, which includes the irrigation system: surface drip irrigation, a plant line drip line (S1) and a two plant line drip line (S2), The subsurface drip irrigation system is a plant-line drip line (SS1) and a two plant drip line (SS2) and furrows irrigation system (SI.) The results show that the highest field water use efficiency is 108.2 and 104.1 kg m-3 for the subsurface drip irrigation system (SS2) and (SS1) and at irrigation level I2. While the field water use efficiency of the surface drip irrigation system was 72.07 kg m-3 at the level of irrigation I3 for treatment (S1) and for treatment (S2) it reached 68.90 kg m-3 at the level of irrigation I4. As for irrigation in-furrow (SI), it reached 33.30 kg m-1 for irrigation level I2 and the highest yield was 286.2 Mg. ha-1 for I5SS2 treatment, and the lowest yield was 62.50 Mg. ha-1 for I1S1 treatment. The highest average head length and head circumference were 46.19 and 69.20 cm at I5SS1 treatment, respectively.

Effect of Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Furrows Irrigation System on Water Productivity, Growth and Yield of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L)

Water is an essential thing for crops and plants in agriculture. In traditional agriculture systems are take large amount of time to watering the crops lands and also have a lots of water wastes. Avoiding these problems drip irrigation systems are introduced. Drip irrigation technique is the best and efficient technique to supply the water to plants/crops in effective manner. In our IoT based smart and automatic drip irrigation system is solve the problems in existing systems and also provide the many features to farmers. This system is using Wemos D1 ESP 8266 which controls all sensors and send and receive the sensing values through the internet. In this paper explains the over view installation, system design and working of system.

/pdf/smart-drip-irrigation-system-19zme18w2e.pdf

Smart Drip Irrigation System

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Smart Drip Irrigation System