Deviation in phase difference of the light passing each of the red, green, and blue dots, i.e., 2π*(α*d R *Δn R +Re R )/λ R , 2π*(α*d G *Δn G +Re G )/λ G , and 2π*(α*d B *Δn B +Re B )/λ B , are matched when thickness of a liquid crystal layer 7 at red, green, and blue dots are d R , d G , and d B ; wavelength of a visible light passing each dot is λ R , λ R , and λ B ; refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer 7 in the visible light wavelengths λ R , λ R , and λ B is Δn R , Δn G , and Δn B ; and retardations of a retardation plate are Re R , Re G , and Re B . This enables the achievement of a reflective color LCD with high achromatic color during white display and high contrast display.

Retardation matching using the liquid crystal twist angle for different color dots within a pixel of a reflective color LCD

The general parameter space was introduced for generalized mixed mode reflective liquid crystal displays (RLCDs). A contrast ratio parameter space was also derived to provide a better picture of both the voltage-off and voltage-on states. A guideline for the optimization of RLCD modes in terms of high light efficiency and high contrast at low operating voltage is given. Such features are important for reflective displays, particularly for crystalline silicon based RLCDs. As a result, we find a number of new RLCD modes with high contrast and high brightness, which are quite suitable for the three-panel color projection system.

Generalized mixed mode reflective liquid crystal displays for three‐panel color projection applications

Reflective LCDs (RLCDs) have high brightness and are free from viewing parallax. They also cost less materials to construct and are compatible with existing manufacturing and driving practices. In this paper, a parameter space description of RLCD as a function of polarizer angle, liquid crystal twist angle and birefringence is discussed. It is shown that all published RLCD modes can be depicted in this parameter space, including the twisted-nematic- electrically controlled birefringence (TN-ECB) modes, the hybrid field effect mode, the mixed-mode TN, and the self-compensated TN (SCTN) mode. Additionally we show several new RLCD modes, including the reflective TN (RTN) and the reflective STN (RSTN) which can be obtained from searching the parameter space systematically. All RLCD modes are related by a variation of the 3 LCD parameters. The RTN and RSTN modes have applications to both direct view and projection display systems. Sample RTN and RSTN displays were fabricated. Experimental results show good agreement with theoretical predictions.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

/pdf/design-and-fabrication-of-reflective-nematic-displays-with-28syholrt7.pdf

Design and fabrication of reflective nematic displays with only one polarizer

The response of a nematic liquid-crystal reflective device is computed using the Berreman codes incorporated in the NASA ViDEOS software. The results are applied to a color- sequential projection system, and show the throughput limitations imposed by the nematic response time. The temperature dependence of nematic viscosity is included, to demonstrate the increase in response speed at projector operating temperatures.

Liquid crystal response time

A chromatic parameter space (CPS) representation is proposed to represent the operation of LCDs. Both chrominance and luminance are visualized in the CPS diagrams. All the usual display modes, both transmissive and reflective, such as TN, ECB, OMI, STN, and SBE are shown clearly on the diagrams. Two designs with the help of CPS are proposed and demonstrated: multicolor STN and a novel fully-compensated reflective STN with high brightness and almost no chromatic dispersion. Introduction Optical modeling is very important in designing and optimizing liquid crystal displays (LCDs) . In previous work , we proposed a new systematic technique called parameter space (PS) representation of all nematic LCDs. This PS approach is very helpful in understanding the physical operation of various LCD modes and their relationships. With the help of the PS, we also analyzed the various different reflective LCD designs and developed several new reflective LCD operating modes . However, in our previous work, the PS is calculated only for a single wavelength, normally 550nm. Thus it does not show the appearance of the LCD under white light illumination. Even though the monochromatic PS can provide an idea of the chromatic dispersion behavior of the various LCD modes, it is still desirable to devise a scheme where the chromaticity of the display can be shown more clearly. It is particularly so for LCDs with considerable chromatic dispersion, such as STN displays. In this paper, a chromatic parameter space (CPS) representation is proposed and demonstrated. Both chrominance and luminance are visualized in the same diagram with the help of color representation. The real appearance of the LCDs in the static state (voltage-off or nonselect state) can be shown in the CPS diagram, both in terms of brightness and color. Using this new CPS, we analyzed the chromatic dispersion of various display modes, both transmissive and reflective. Furthermore, in this paper, we shall show two examples of the application of this CPS in designing new LCDs with good performance: (1) Multicolor STN (2) Fullycompensated reflective STN with high brightness and almost no chromatic dispersion. It is interesting to note that in the first case, we make use of chromatic dispersion to achieve multicolor display. In the second case, we do our best to eliminate chromatic dispersion. These two cases provide a good demonstration of how CPS can be used for LCD design and novel device development. Chromatic parameter space The reflectance or transmittance of an LCD is determined by four variables: input polarizer angle α, output polarizer angle γ , twist angle φ , and retardation value d∆n. Any pair of these variables can be used to generate a contour map which is called the PS diagram. The calculation assumes a fixed wavelength λ. The idea of the CPS is to repeat the PS calculation for all λ in the visual range ( 380nm ~ 780nm), and obtain the luminance and chrominance of the output assuming a standard white light input source. In this paper, CIE D65 is used as the incident light. From the output spectrum, we can obtain the CIE 1931 XYZ values. The XYZ color coordinate is transformed to the standard color space: sRGB, which is proposed by Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft . The sRGB tristimulus values can be computed using the following relationship:

/pdf/chromatic-parameter-space-representation-of-lcd-operating-4k9cefvovr.pdf

Chromatic parameter space representation of LCD operating modes

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Chromatic parameter space representation of LCD operating modes