Lipid-Based Nanoparticles in the Clinic and Clinical Trials: From Cancer Nanomedicine to COVID-19 Vaccines

Safety and immunogenicity of S-Trimer (SCB-2019), a protein subunit vaccine candidate for COVID-19 in healthy adults: a phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Peptides are fragments of proteins that carry out biological functions. They act as signaling entities via all domains of life and interfere with protein-protein interactions, which are indispensable in bio-processes. Short peptides include fundamental molecular information for a prelude to the symphony of life. They have aroused considerable interest due to their unique features and great promise in innovative bio-therapies. This work focusing on the current state-of-the-art short peptide-based therapeutical developments is the first global review written by researchers from all continents, as a celebration of 100 years of peptide therapeutics since the commencement of insulin therapy in the 1920s. Peptide "drugs" initially played only the role of hormone analogs to balance disorders. Nowadays, they achieve numerous biomedical tasks, can cross membranes, or reach intracellular targets. The role of peptides in bio-processes can hardly be mimicked by other chemical substances. The article is divided into independent sections, which are related to either the progress in short peptide-based theranostics or the problems posing challenge to bio-medicine. In particular, the SWOT analysis of short peptides, their relevance in therapies of diverse diseases, improvements in (bio)synthesis platforms, advanced nano-supramolecular technologies, aptamers, altered peptide ligands and in silico methodologies to overcome peptide limitations, modern smart bio-functional materials, vaccines, and drug/gene-targeted delivery systems are discussed.

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A Global Review on Short Peptides: Frontiers and Perspectives.

Vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms and platforms

Vaccine development utilizing various platforms is one of the strategies that has been proposed to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Adjuvants are critical components of both subunit and certain inactivated vaccines because they induce specific immune responses that are more robust and long-lasting. A review of the history of coronavirus vaccine development demonstrates that only a few adjuvants, including aluminum salts, emulsions, and TLR agonists, have been formulated for the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and currently the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in experimental and pre-clinical studies. However, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the effects of the adjuvants tested in coronavirus vaccines. This paper presents an overview of adjuvants that have been formulated in reported coronavirus vaccine studies, which should assist with the design and selection of adjuvants with optimal efficacy and safety profiles for COVID-19 vaccines.

/pdf/adjuvants-for-coronavirus-vaccines-2hpy82n07o.pdf

Adjuvants for Coronavirus Vaccines.

Vaccine adjuvants: Understanding the structure and mechanism of adjuvanticity.

Response to comment on: Vaccine adjuvants: Understanding the structure and mechanism of adjuvanticity

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, and particularly discloses a vaccine nano-aluminum phosphate adjuvant based on chemical precipitation principles, a preparation method of adjuvant and an isoelectric-point adjusting method of the adjuvant. The particle diameter of the adjuvant is 10-40nm, the PDI (polydispersity index) of the adjuvant is 0.2-0.4, and isoelectric points ofthe adjuvant are 3-6. The aluminum phosphate adjuvant is good in uniformity, stable in nature and good in dispersibility, a pH (potential of hydrogen) value is adjusted in the reaction precipitation process, and an isoelectric point of a final product can be accurately adjusted. The method is simple in operation process and easy to control, and the adjuvant has potential application prospects in the field of biomedicines such as vaccine.

Isoelectric-point-controllable aluminum phosphate nano-adjuvant and preparation method thereof

Disclosed are an aluminium phosphate nano adjuvant for a vaccine based on a chemical precipitation principle, a preparation method therefor, and a method for regulating and controlling an isoelectric point thereof. The adjuvant has a particle size between 10-40 nm, a PDI dispersion index between 0.2-0.4, and an isoelectric point between 3-6. The aluminium phosphate adjuvant has a good homogeneity, stable properties, and a good dispersity, and the isoelectric point of a final product can be accurately regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the pH value in a reaction precipitation process. The present method has a simple operation process and is easy to control, and has potential application prospects in the biomedical field, such as adjuvants for vaccines.

Aluminium phosphate nano adjuvant with controllable isoelectric point and preparation method therefor

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Vaccine adjuvants: Understanding the structure and mechanism of adjuvanticity.

Response to comment on: Vaccine adjuvants: Understanding the structure and mechanism of adjuvanticity

Isoelectric-point-controllable aluminum phosphate nano-adjuvant and preparation method thereof

Aluminium phosphate nano adjuvant with controllable isoelectric point and preparation method therefor