Abstract The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is sweeping the world, threatening millions of lives and drastically altering our ways of living. According to current studies, failure to either activate or eliminate inflammatory responses timely and properly at certain stages could result in the progression of the disease. In other words, robust immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are critical. However, they do not theoretically present in some special groups of people, including the young, the aged, patients with autoimmunity or cancer. Differences also do occur between men and women. Our immune system evolves to ensure delicate coordination at different stages of life. The innate immune cells mainly consisted of myeloid lineage cells, including neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells and mast cells; they possess phagocytic capacity to different degrees at different stages of life. They are firstly recruited upon infection and may activate the adaptive immunity when needed. The adaptive immune cells, on the other way, are comprised mainly of lymphoid lineages. As one grows up, the adaptive immunity matures and expands its memory repertoire, accompanied by an adjustment in quantity and quality. In this review, we would summarise and analyse the immunological characteristics of these groups from the perspective of the immune system ‘evolution’ as well as ‘revolution’ that has been studied and speculated so far, which would aid the comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 and personalised-treatment strategy.

/pdf/immunopathogenesis-of-patients-with-covid-19-from-the-3ctv96ld.pdf

Immunopathogenesis of patients with COVID-19: from the perspective of immune system ‘evolution’ and ‘revolution’

The main issues pertaining to oncological surgery of the musculoskeletal system are tumour resection with sufficient margins, and the coverage of inherent defects. We report the use of a pedicled cutaneous groin flap as coverage for a trochanteric defect following an oncological resection of a grade III pleomorphic soft tissue sarcoma in a 75-year-old patient. This flap is not routinely used in the coverage of a defect in this region. The interest of this original process lies in its technical ease, and in the possibility of lifting the flap directly after resection, without changing the set-up.

Resection and extemporaneous coverage of a soft tissue sarcoma with a pedicled groin flap in the trochanteric region: Technical note

http://manuscript.elsevier.com/S1877051721003762/pdf/S1877051721003762.pdf

Résection et couverture extemporanée par un lambeau inguinal pédiculé cutané d’un sarcome des parties molles en région trochantérienne : Note technique

Sherise Epstein, MPH,a Christopher M. Reid, MD,a Fernando Herrera, MD,b Reid A. Abrams, MD,c and Ahmed S. Suliman, MDa,d aDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, Calif; bDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; cDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, Calif; and dSection of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, Calif

Bilateral Hand Salvage With Simultaneous Pedicled Groin Flaps in an Immunocompromised Patient.

A full-term 2719-g female infant was transferred to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on day 1 of life after developing respiratory distress requiring endotracheal intubation. Gestation was complicated by polyhydramnios and gestational diabetes. In the NICU, choking and desaturation were noted with oral feeding. Videofluoroscopic swallow study demonstrated aspiration with all consistencies. Microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy were conducted, and the patient was diagnosed as having a type II laryngeal cleft. At 2 weeks of age, she decompensated secondary to Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis and was intubated for persistent left lung collapse. At that time, computed tomographic (CT) imaging was performed, revealing the etiology of her respiratory decompensation (Figure 1). Figure 1. Coronal computed tomographic image of the chest with contrast.

Recurrent Pneumonia in an Infant

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Bilateral Hand Salvage With Simultaneous Pedicled Groin Flaps in an Immunocompromised Patient.

Recurrent Pneumonia in an Infant