Current theories of leadership are based mainly on the industrial paradigm emphasizing the preeminence of positional leaders and the machine-like qualities of organizations. Evolutionary and attrib...

https://www.psycholosphere.com/An%20ecological%20perspective%20on%20leadership%20theory,%20research,%20and%20practice%20by%20Wielkiewicz%20&%20Stelzner.pdf

An Ecological Perspective on Leadership Theory, Research, and Practice

This investigation was guided by social categorization theory and the contact hypothesis. A convenience sample of 89 adults provided survey data to test the hypothesis that non-Amish individuals who shared more contact with Old Order Amish would report more positive attitudes (less attitudinal bias) toward the Amish than would individuals who shared less contact. Blockwise hierarchical regression analysis showed that after controlling for demographic factors and known correlates of attitudinal bias, deep (but not superficial) contact was significantly related to positive attitudes toward the Amish. Deep contact and need for cognition explained 29.4% of the variance in attitudes that non-Amish people held toward Old Order Amish. Application of these findings, suggestions for future research, and study limitations are discussed.

The Effect of Contact on Attitudes Toward Old Order Amish1

Numerous studies have examined prejudice in regard to race, age, sexual orientation, and gender, among others. However, there remains a paucity of research on prejudice toward Christian religious groups. In particular, prejudice towards one of America’s fastest growing religious groups, the Old Order Amish, is rarely examined. Using social categorization theory and based on McConahay’s modern and old-fashioned racism scale, an “Attitude Toward Amish” scale is developed and tested. Factor analysis revealed one dominant component and high internal reliability. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for future research of this rapidly growing population.

/pdf/reliability-and-validity-of-a-scale-to-measure-prejudice-4bkq9h2o9c.pdf

Reliability and Validity of a Scale to Measure Prejudice toward Old Order Amish

Does the belief in equality significantly affect democratic leadership in contemporary Russia? The belief in equality is defined as a set of assumptions that human ability and potential are widely distributed rather than concentrated in elite minorities. A reliable and valid inventory of the belief in equality (BE scale) which had been developed in the United States was successfully translated into Russian. Two separate samples were studied--one of Russian university students (N = 200) and the other from the Russian workforce (N = 213). Among the university students, high BE participants exhibited higher democratic leadership behaviors than low BE participants (especially true of the under-20-year-old students); however, this effect was just barely detectable for the older work-force sample. Speculations are offered regarding the differences in results between the university and the work-force sample.

Belief in Equality and Democratic Leadership Behavior in Two Russian Samples

Examining the nature of humility using self-report measures has been a challenging endeavor due to concerns of response biases and the common misconception that equates humility with self-deprecation. Alternatively, this study attempts to validate the construct of humility by assessing subjects’ (N = 553) responses to a speech written to represent the core elements of humility as opposed to self-deprecation or unconditional self-underrating. Data show that (a) humility comprises a latent construct subsuming accurate self-assessment, open-mindedness, and egalitarianism; and (b) humility outperforms self-deprecation in enhancing perceived sincerity, source credibility, and the intention to interact with the source. Results indicate, particularly for expert sources, that humility cues can promote approachability while maintaining perceived expertise.

/pdf/construct-validating-humility-perceptions-of-a-humble-doctor-66pabane.pdf

Construct-Validating Humility: Perceptions of a Humble Doctor

The belief-in-equality construct is defined as the belief that general ability and potential are widely distributed throughout the human population, rather than being limited to an elite minority. Data from a 21-item belief-in-equality inventory and from two construct-validation tasks were gathered using a liberal-arts undergraduate sample of 201 students. Of the two validation tasks, one indicated strong construct validity (p < .015), however, the second one produced correctly patterned but insignificant results. The results showed that leaders with a high belief in equality put more funds into training their subordinates and had a tendency to delegate more authority to them than leaders with a weak belief in equality.

The Belief in Equality Inventory and Leadership Behavior: A Construct Validation

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The Belief in Equality Inventory and Leadership Behavior: A Construct Validation