China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is the project of high priority, importance and having ability change dynamics of entire world. Though there are some obstructions in the way and if authorities don’t treat these effectively then cordial tiers between Pakistan and China might get over. Therefore there is a need of procedures that will end the prevailing negativity in local residents of Pakistan and investors from China. Therefore a contemporary and pervasive study is required to understand issues which are perceived as real barrier to CPEC by the residents of Pakistan. Hence the aim of this study presents a contemporary model of prevailing internal issues perceived important by the residents of Pakistan. Keywords : CPEC, Public Opinion, Challenges & Pak-China Relationship DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-7-01 Publication date : April 30 th 2019

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Analyzing Prevalent Internal Challenges to China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) through Public Opinion

All around the world, the crime rate has been increasing day by day, causing a rise in security issues. Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras have been installed throughout the world with the aim of decreasing crime and increasing public safety. The usage of CCTV cameras helps to increase crime detection accuracy significantly. Daily, a considerable amount of data has been recorded through CCTV cameras. Detection and recognition of culprits in the recorded data is a challenging task as it takes a lot of time, and human interaction is also involved. So, there is a need to develop a system that performs real-time detection and tracking of humans. This paper proposes a human detection and tracking system based on deep learning that assigns a unique ID to humans who enter the video scene. Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Neural Networks (MTCNN) and FaceNet models are used to achieve the desired target. The MTCNN model is trained on the WIDER SPACE dataset to perform human detection. FaceNet is used for human identification that is trained on the LFW dataset. The proposed system has been evaluated on 50 video sequences captured in different environments and achieved 97% average accuracy.

A Deep Learning based Human Detection and Tracking for Security Surveillance Systems

The world has witnessed the establishment of regional and global strategic environment and the 21st century is no exception. It helps encouraging geo-economical and geostrategic partnership among countries. The Belt and Road initiative (BRI) of which China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a flagship project is a major developmental project. The CPEC, undeniably, presents ample opportunities and to both China and Pakistan, it is not a smooth sailing ship as it is jolted by high winds and thrashing waves from all sides. It has invited discontent from inside and criticism from the outside from the very beginning. These voices of discontent especially from the ethnic groups living in close proximity of CPEC projects occasionally have resulted into creating an impression that this project would be doomed. This paper is an attempt to revisit the determinants and challenges that Islamabad is facing both from inside and the outside to implement this mega project. More specifically, it analyses the internal discontent that is reflected through protests by various ethnic groups that feel deprived of the promised economic fruits of this project. It further seeks to evaluate the challenges that exist in the form of public support and public concerns about the promised benefits of CPEC projects. This study is qualitative in nature that utilizes both primary and secondary sources of data collection. Significantly high level of awareness is found among masses about CPEC but public support and concerns are posing serious challenges for the government. Analyzing both the internal and external challenges, a strong resolve have been demonstrated by both Pakistan and China to counter these threats pragmatically. The internal discontent of the various ethnic groups poses a serious challenge, so it is imperative to address the grievances of these aggrieved groups on practical grounds. Keywords: Strategic partnership; Determinants; Challenges; China-Pakistan Economic Corridor; Belt and Road Initiative; Discontent; Criticism; Ethnic groups etc.

Revisiting the determinants and challenges of china-pakistan economic corridor (cpec) through the lens of public opinion

Crime impacts residential neighborhoods not only through the loss of life and property but also by instilling a widespread fear among residents. To combat this fear, physical security measures like safety locks, gates, and high perimeter walls have proven effective in both developed and developing nations. This trend has led to the increased popularity of gated communities in Pakistan as a preferred housing choice. In addition to encouraging micro-segregation, these developments also attract a large number of residents. In order to better understand the differences in residents’ fear of crime in relation to their health and socio-economic status, this paper compares residential housing schemes in Quetta, Pakistan (gated and non-gated). Surveys and on-site observations in four different residential areas of the city underpin the methodology. The results suggest that past experiences of crime victimization strongly affect feelings of safety in both gated and non-gated communities. The study highlights the complex relationship between the perception of safety, health and well-being, socio-economic status, and the type of community, highlighting how these factors collectively influence respondents’ experiences and create micro-segregation.

Safety Perceptions and Micro-Segregation: Exploring Gated- and Non-Gated-Community Dynamics in Quetta, Pakistan

This study analyzes the effect of crime on poverty in Sumatra, in addition to using the Human Development Index variable and also the open unemployment rate as independent variables.  Fixed Effect Model is the best method used in this study, panel data consisting of 9 years and 10 provinces in Sumatra.  Increasing security and comfort is an important thing that must be accommodated in the form of a law. This is a certainty as well as a guarantor to prevent criminal acts by taking action in the form of strict punishment from the government

Criminality and poverty in sumatra

This study was conducted to explore the impact of crime on socio-economic development of the country. The purpose of the study was to comprehend the increasing crime rate and to know its influences on socio-economic progress. To examine the crime and its impacts on country development, a field survey was conducted and questionnaires was developed to understand the ground situation. For the purpose of the interviews the members of the community were selected by using simple random sample technique.  This study is found that crime rate is cumulative due to dissimilar socio-economic snags like, poverty, unemployment, uses of drugs, etc.  Further this study highlights the causes and recommends possible solutions for the curbing the threat of crime in Karachi. The main focus of this research paper is to find out the pathways to overcome crime in Pakistan.
Key words: Crime, Socio-Economic, Development, Karachi

/pdf/impact-of-crime-on-socio-economic-development-a-study-of-21bch3k5g1.pdf

Impact of Crime on Socio-Economic Development: A Study of Karachi

This paper analyzed the cause of poverty in rural areas of North- Western region of Pakistan. Poverty in rural areas of Pakistan is still considered as big dilemma and absolute hurdle to the development, by considering this issue this study was carried out in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province opting mix method approach. One (01) district from each of the four (04) agro-ecological regions of the province was selected purposively. The targeted study districts were Peshawar, Mansehra, D.I. Khan and Swat. From each study district, 100 respondents (rural residents) were randomly selected and personally interviewed. Total sample size of the study was 400 respondents for the collection of quantitative data. Additionally, focus group discussion meetings were also conducted for collecting qualitative data. A pretested interview schedule was used for the collection of quantitative date while an interview guide was used for qualitative data. Descriptive analytical techniques were used for quantitative data and content analysis method was used for qualitative data. Findings conclude that only 13.12% of the total area is cultivated by majority the rural population of the province. Financial constraints, derivation of basic needs, homelessness and facing discrimination were regarded as the attributes of poverty by the respondents. Limited access to income generation opportunities was regarded as the root cause of poverty with mean value of 4.86/5.00 followed by limited access to education (4.76/5.00). Lack of access to basic livelihood necessities (mean value=4.88) and basic human right (mean value=4.82) were regarded as most popular materialistic and non-materialistic impacts respectively of poverty in rural areas of the province. This deprivation in the province causes poverty and leads to the involvement in illegal and unethical activities by the rural residents specifically. Ending their deprivation in actual and eroding the sense of deprivation is the only solution that can be achieved by the implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs) without any discrimination.

Rural Poverty and Its Dimensions: Evidences from North-West Region of Pakistan

The Criminal law is the strongest arm of all the normative systems of society which saves the society from evils, punishes the criminals, curbs, and prevents crimes in the society, frees it of crime or makes continuous efforts to keep it at bay or at least makes offences unattractive, unpleasant, hateful, and unaccepted activity in our society. The criminal procedure is criminal justice in action. The failure of the procedural law means failure of the social goals set by society. With the help of qualitative research methodology, this article discusses the importance of criminal procedural law in the administration of the Criminal Justice System (CJS). It points out the two types of criminal procedural laws in Pakistan; constitutional and ordinary. It also analyses the current situation of the CJS of Pakistan. It also highlights the major problems in the criminal procedure of Pakistan and pointed out the need of revamping the criminal procedure. It also pointed out the need to transition from existing criminal procedural laws of Pakistan to Islamic Criminal Procedure.

Criminal Procedure is Criminal Justice in Action: Transition to Islamic Criminal Procedure is a Way Forward for Pakistan

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the traditional pedagogical educational system worldwide. The story of Pakistan is also not different from that of the rest of the world. Pakistan’s higher education institutes were closed for classes due to the outbreak. Some universities started the virtual education system, and it is critically important to assess the behavioral intentions of university students toward online education during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. This is the first study investigating students' responses to online education during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted to obtain the students' responses from the higher institutions providing online classes during COVID-19. The results were evaluated using multivariate analysis and descriptive statistics. It was observed that there is a significant difference between male and female students concerning the positive consequences of COVID-19 on students. According to the findings, the students' intentions for online education are more concerned with saving time to complete the degree program. Higher education institutions should also provide online educational opportunities to students besides traditional physical modes. Online educational interventions will be helpful for students during unavoidable circumstances like political instabilities, natural disasters, viral disease outbreaks, etc. to complete degrees and diplomas. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-SIED1-02 Full Text: PDF

pdf/the-nexus-of-covid-19-and-behavioral-intentions-of-37wa7wuimo.pdf

The Nexus of Covid-19 and Behavioral Intentions of University Students Towards Online Education

The Criminal Justice System (CJS) is an inter-dependent multi-organizational justice sector comprising police, prosecution, courts, corrections and many other government agencies. These governmental institutions along with one private force in the shape of the defence lawyers; are primarily responsible for the administration of CJS. The imbalance among these institutions and separate working without meaningful coordination and cooperation to uphold justice are key elements for making CJS ineffective, inefficient, and expensive and even paralyzing it. An Appropriate balance among these institutions and joined up working to uphold justice are the key elements to make the CJS effective, efficient even inexpensive. No single organization can make the CJS effective and efficient. Synergy among the judiciary, prosecution, police and other inter-dependent agencies and authorities is necessary for making the CJS simpler, faster, cheaper and people-friendly. With the help of qualitative and analytical research methodology, this article explores the imbalances in the working of CJS and explains the need for joined working and alignment of the CJS as a way forward and practical solution for making CJS efficient, effective, simpler, faster, cheaper and people friendly.

Imbalance Criminal Justice System of Pakistan: Joined Up Working is the Way Forward

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