High MXene loading, nacre-inspired MXene/ANF electromagnetic interference shielding composite films with ultralong strain-to-failure and excellent Joule heating performance

With the increasing popularity of electronic devices and wireless technology, the issue of electromagnetic interference (EMI) has attracted widespread attention all over the world. In response to this challenge, it is of great significance to develop novel EMI shielding composites with high absorption performance. In recent years, 2D MXene series nanomaterials have gained prominence in the field of EMI shielding due to their remarkable electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and chemically active surfaces. Herein, we review recent progress on polymer/MXene EMI composites. Firstly, the preparation method of MXene nanosheets and the mechanism and experimental calculation of EMI shielding are introduced, and then the main structural design ideas and corresponding preparation methods of polymer/MXene EMI shielding composite materials are objectively summarized, and their advantages and disadvantages in electromagnetic shielding applications are analyzed. Finally, this review highlights the current challenges faced by polymer/MXene composites in EMI shielding applications and puts forth innovative concepts for the development of next-generation high-performance EMI shielding materials. 

Review on Polymer/MXene composites for electromagnetic interference shielding applications

With the rapid development of electronic information technology, composite materials with outstanding performance in terms of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and strain sensing are crucial for next-generation smart wearable electronic devices. However, the fabrication of flexible composite films with dual functionality remains a significant challenge. Herein, multifunctional flexible composite films with exciting EMI shielding and strain sensing properties were constructed using a facile vacuum-assisted filtration process and transfer method. The films consisted of ultrathin AgNW/MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/AgNW conductive networks (1 μm) attached to a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The obtained AgNW/MXene/PDMS composite film exhibited an exceptional EMI shielding effectiveness of 50.82 dB and good flexibility (retaining 93.67 and 90.18% of its original value after 1000 bending and stretching cycles, respectively), which are attributed to the enhanced multilayer internal reflection network created by the AgNWs and MXene as well as the synergistic effect of PDMS. Besides EMI shielding, the composite films also displayed remarkable strain sensing properties. They exhibited a wide linear range of tensile strain up to 68% with a gauge factor of 468. They also showed fast response, ultralow detection limit, and high mechanical stability. Interestingly, the composite films could also detect motion and voice recognition, demonstrating their potential as wearable sensors. This study highlights the effectiveness of multifunctional flexible AgNW/MXene/PDMS composite films in resisting electromagnetic radiation and monitoring human motion, thereby providing a promising solution for the development of flexible wearable electronic devices in complex electromagnetic environments. 

Multifunctional Flexible AgNW/MXene/PDMS Composite Films for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Strain Sensing.

Assembling titanium carbide (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) MXene nanosheets into macroscopic films presents challenges, including voids, low orientation degree, and weak interfacial interactions, which reduce mechanical performance. We demonstrate an ultrastrong macroscopic MXene film using liquid metal (LM) and bacterial cellulose (BC) to sequentially bridge MXene nanosheets (an LBM film), achieving a tensile strength of 908.4 megapascals. A layer-by-layer approach using repeated cycles of blade coating improves the orientation degree to 0.935 in the LBM film, while a LM with good deformability reduces voids into porosity of 5.4%. The interfacial interactions are enhanced by the hydrogen bonding from BC and the coordination bonding with LM, which improves the stress-transfer efficiency. Sequential bridging provides an avenue for assembling other two-dimensional nanosheets into high-performance materials. 

Ultrastrong MXene film induced by sequential bridging with liquid metal

Aramid Nanofibers (ANFs), akin to PPTA Poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide), stand at the forefront of cutting-edge nanomaterials, boasting exceptional properties like high tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, high temperature stability, and chemical stability. Their remarkable advantages have already paved the way for diverse applications in composite materials, energy devices, protection, adsorption, and groundbreaking medical products. Due to the unique properties of ANFs, there has been strong interests in the research community on the functional ANF- based composites and their applications in cutting-edge fields, there has been a lack of comprehensive reviews on the fundamental development and practical applications of ANFs regarding these most recent results (e.g., the last three years). This review aims to fill that void by thoroughly exploring the potential of ANFs. We delve into the preparation methods, uncovering techniques for preparing ANFs with specific properties and morphologies. Additionally, we critically evaluate the fascinating mechanisms driving these extraordinary properties, which stem from their nanoscale dimensions and high aspect ratio. Furthermore, we closely examine the distinct characteristics of ANFs-based composites in various forms, i.e., 1D, 2D, and 3D structure, especially in relevance to their specific applications. Also, this paper discusses the major challenges and future prospects of ANFs composites. This comprehensive review and outlook will inspire readers to gain a better understanding of the latest development status and future research directions of ANFs and ANFs-based materials. 

Aramid nanofiber-based functional composite materials: Preparations, applications and perspectives

High-efficiency electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and heat dissipation synergy materials with flexible, robust, and environmental stability are urgently demanded in next-generation integration electronic devices. In this work, we report the lamellar MXene/Aramid nanofiber (ANF) composite films, which establish a nacre-like structure for EMI shielding and heat dissipation by using the intermittent filtration strategy. The MXene/ANF composite film filled with 50 wt % MXene demonstrates enhanced mechanical properties with a strength of 230.5 MPa, an elongation at break of 6.2%, and a toughness of 11.8 MJ·m3 (50 wt % MXene). These remarkable properties are attributed to the hydrogen bonding and highly oriented structure. Furthermore, due to the formation of the MXene conductive network, the MXene/ANF composite film shows an outstanding conductivity of 624.6 S/cm, an EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 44.0 dB, and a superior specific SE value (SSE/t) of 18847.6 dB·cm2/g, which is better than the vacuum filtration film. Moreover, the MXene/ANF composite film also shows a great thermal conductivity of 0.43 W/m·K. The multifunctional MXene/ANF composite films with high-performance EMI shielding, heat dissipation, and joule heating show great potential in the field of aerospace, military, microelectronics, microcircuit, and smart wearable electronics.

Enhanced Electromagnetic Shielding and Thermal Management Properties in MXene/Aramid Nanofiber Films Fabricated by Intermittent Filtration.

Abstract The simultaneous detection of multiple stimuli, such as pressure and temperature, has long been a persistent challenge for developing electronic skin (e‐skin) to emulate the functionality of human skin. Meanwhile, the demand for integrated power supply units is an additional pressing concern to achieve its lightweightness and flexibility. Herein, we propose a self‐powered dual temperature–pressure (SPDM) sensor, which utilizes a compressible ionic gel electrolyte driven by the potential difference between MXene and Al electrodes. The SPDM sensor exhibits a rapid and timely response to changes in pressure‐induced deformation, while exhibiting a slow and hysteretic response to temperature variations. These distinct response characteristics enable the differentiation of current signals generated by different stimuli through machine learning, resulting in an impressive accuracy rate of 99.1%. Furthermore, the developed SPDM sensor exhibits a wide pressure detection range of 0–800 kPa and a broad temperature detection range of 5–75°C, encompassing the environmental conditions encountered in daily human life. The dual‐mode coupled strategy by machine learning provides an effective approach for temperature and pressure detection and discrimination, showcasing its potential applications in wearable electronics, intelligent robots, human–machine interactions, and so on. 

Self‐powered sensor based on compressible ionic gel electrolyte for simultaneous determination of temperature and pressure

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Enhanced Electromagnetic Shielding and Thermal Management Properties in MXene/Aramid Nanofiber Films Fabricated by Intermittent Filtration.

Self‐powered sensor based on compressible ionic gel electrolyte for simultaneous determination of temperature and pressure