A novel strategy was demonstrated to fabricate a luminescent lanthanide functionalized MOF by encapsulating Eu3+ cations in the pores of MIL-53–COOH (Al) nanocrystals. The Eu3+ incorporated sample shows excellent luminescence and good fluorescence stability in water due to the sensitization and protection provided by the parented framework. Subsequently, Eu3+ incorporated nanocrystals were developed as a highly selective and sensitive probe for detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solutions. In addition, the possible sensing mechanism based on cation exchange between Fe3+ and the framework Al3+ in MIL-53–COOH (Al) was discussed in detail. This is the first example for detecting Fe3+ in aqueous solutions based on a lanthanide functionalized nanoscale MOF. The good fluorescence stability in an aqueous environment, the low detection limit and the broad linear range, together with the nanoscale nature of this probe suggest it has potential for intracellular sensing and imaging of Fe3+.

An Eu3+ post-functionalized nanosized metal–organic framework for cation exchange-based

Ni-MOF coating MoS2 structures by hydrothermal intercalation as high-performance electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitors

Drug pollution in aqueous environment is posing serious global problem, threating the safety of ecosystems and human health, and hence has attracted wide attention. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous inorganic-organic hybrid networks synthesized by multi-dentate organic ligands. Due to their large specific surface area, high adsorption capacity, adjustable porosity, layered structure and recyclable performance, they are considered as important materials for the adsorption and removal of emerging pollutants (ECs) in wastewater and has been widely studied. However, due to their instability and difficulty in recycling in aqueous media, their application as an adsorbent are limited, and hence further investigation and syntheses of materials to overcome this shortcoming remains an arduous task. With these viewpoints, in presented review, the utility of MOFs to adsorption properties and related mechanism to remove drugs viz. antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antipsychotics, organophosphorus pesticides and other drugs from wastewater are presented. Additionally, rational ideas for constructing water stable MOFs with apt functionalization are discussed that can engender targeted MOFs with improved adsorption efficiency of drugs in wastewater. 

Metal Organic Framework as an Efficient Adsorbent for Drugs from Wastewater

A luminescent Eu-MOF, namely, [Eu2(ppda)2(npdc)(H2O)]·H2O (1) based on the mixed ligands 4-(pyridin-3-yloxy)-phthalic acid (H2ppda) and naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (H2npdc) was synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Compound 1 was initially constructed from the 1D binuclear chains of [Ln(npdc)]2 and further connected by ppda2- ligands, forming a 2D layered structure. It is worth noting that compound 1 exhibited excellent fluorescence stability in the pH range of 2-13 in an aqueous solution. It was found that compound 1 could not only detect trivalent Fe3+, Cr3+ and Al3+ ions with high selectivity and recyclability but also serve as an excellent selective sensing material for PO43- ions among some anions. The detection of NACs demonstrated that compound 1 could also behave as a functional probe with high selectivity, sensitivity, and recyclability, and the detection limit of TNP was 2.97 × 10-6 M. Furthermore, the luminescent sensing mechanisms for different analytes were speculated.

A water-stable europium-MOF as a multifunctional luminescent sensor for some trivalent metal ions (Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+), PO43− ions, and nitroaromatic explosives

With the development of society, traumatic bone defects caused by accidents, diseases and surgeries have become common, eventually resulting in an increase in bone defects. The treatment of bone defects is characterized by a long period of treatment, high cost and uncontrollable outcomes. Also, it results in complications such as infection and bone discontinuity. Hence, due to this situation, the physical, mental and financial aspects of the patient are severely affected. What's more, such outcomes pose a challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. As a result, bone therapy and bone repair have become a hot topic of interest. In repairing bone defects, materials other than autogenous bone are still unable to provide good biocompatibility, osteogenesis, osteoconductivity and osteoinduction properties at the same time. In addition, the scarcity of autologous bone sources has forced the search for new autologous bone replacement materials. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of developed functional materials that have been widely used in the biomedical field during the recent years due to their porous nature, large specific surface area and diverse structures. With the progress in the investigation into bone treatment and repair, more and more investigators are using MOFs in bone therapy and bone repair. With these viewpoints, in the present perspective, the use of MOFs in bone therapy and bone repair has been summarized, and an insight into the future of MOFs in bone therapy and bone repair has been provided.

Current status and prospects of metal-organic frameworks for bone therapy and bone repair.

The articulate combination of intriguing functional groups and luminescence properties can deliver metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with multifarious applications viz. selective and specific sensing of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), an important constituent of explosives, as well as sensing of toxic metal ions. In this regard, a new d10 configuration based Zn(ii) metal-organic framework (MOF) {(NH2(CH3)2)[Zn4(ddn)2(COO)(H2O)4]·solvent}n (1) has been synthesized using a π-conjugated and rigid multicarboxylate ligand 3,5-di(3,5-dicarboxylphenyl)nitrobenzene (H4ddn). 1 displays a 3D (3,4,6)-c connected net which is based on two types of binuclear [Zn2(μ2-COO)2(μ1-COO)2] and [Zn2(μ2-COO)4] clusters. Sensing studies of 1 to detect nitro-aromatic compounds reveal highly specific detection of 2,4-dinitophenol (DNP) with remarkable quenching (KSV = 8.93 × 103 M-1) and a low limit of detection (LOD: 1.12 ppm). The luminescence quenching mechanism in the case of 1 in the presence of NACs has been ascribed to the concurrent presence of the charge transfer as well as the weak interaction between the MOF and NACs. The activated framework of 1 also displayed highly selective detection of ferric ions with KSV = 1.13 × 104 M-1 with a low limit of detection (LOD: 1.24 ppm).

Rational synthesis of a luminescent uncommon (3,4,6)-c connected Zn(ii) MOF: a dual channel sensor for the detection of nitroaromatics and ferric ions.

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Rational synthesis of a luminescent uncommon (3,4,6)-c connected Zn(ii) MOF: a dual channel sensor for the detection of nitroaromatics and ferric ions.