A detailed scrutinize on panorama of catalysts in biodiesel synthesis

A study on biofuel produced by catalytic cracking of mustard and castor oil using porous Hβ and AlMCM-41 catalysts.

Blending and emission characteristics of biogasoline produced using CaO/SBA-15 catalyst by cracking used cooking oil

Comparison of cracking activity of the core-shell composite MCM-41/HY & MCM-48/HY catalysts in the synthesis of organic liquid fuel from Mahua oil

A synergistic catalyst was architectured using the hydrothermal crystallization method. Mesoporous material with pore diameter less than 20 nm was grown on the microporous Zeolite HY. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, ICP-OES, BET, TPD, SEM and TEM techniques. The SEM picture portrayed excellent core - shell morphology and TEM analysis corresponded to the XRD reports. Mahua oil was cracked in a pilot scale reactor over the synthesized catalysts at an optimized reaction condition (Temperature: 400 οC; WHSV: 4.6 h-1). The gaseous and liquid products of reaction were analyzed by Residual Gas analyzer and GCMS respectively. The NMR spectral analysis of fuel showed low traces of aromatics. The produced fuel was analyzed for its significant properties like calorific value, fire point, flash point and viscosity. 

Comparison of cracking activity of the core-shell composite MCM-41/HY &amp; MCM-48/HY catalysts in the synthesis of organic liquid fuel from Mahua oil

The growing demands on alternative fuels which can be used in present-day engines have imposed strong necessity on this proposal. Biofuels, the hydrocarbons less than C18, are believed to be the promising alternative fuel. In the present work, the abundantly available pongamia oil was experimented to produce biofuel using hydrothermally synthesized porous catalysts such as HZSM-5 and AlMCM-48 and synergistic composite catalyst AlMCM-48/HZSM-5. Characterization techniques such as XRD, BET, TPD, and TEM were used to study the characteristics of catalysts. The catalytic activity of the catalysts in cracking of pongamia oil at optimized reaction conditions—temperature, 400 °C; WHSV, 4.6 h−1; and reaction time, 1 h in a pilot scale stainless steel high pressure fixed bed reactor (100 ml volume; 15 mm id)—was studied. Among mesoporous AlMCM-48 with different Si/Al ratios, AlMCM-48 (27) efficiently cracked 69% of pongamia oil into 45% bioliquid products (BLP) with 34% and 44% selectivity towards green gasoline (GG). The composite catalyst was synthesized with the most active microporous catalyst (HZSM-5) as core and mesoporous material AMCM-48(Si/Al = 27) as a shell. The composite material AlMCM-48/HZSM-5 proved to be an excellent catalyst in converting 97% of pongamia oil into 70% bioliquid hydrocarbons with 70% selectivity towards gasoline. The calorific value (ASTM D 240) of the biofuel was observed to be higher, while the viscosity (ASTM D 445) and specific gravity (ASTM D 1298) were found to be lower than biodiesel produced through transesterification process.

Synthesis and Characterization of Core-Shell Modeled AlMCM-48/HZSM-5 Composite Catalyst and Studies on Its Catalytic Activity in Cracking of Pongamia Oil into Bio Liquid Products

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Synthesis and Characterization of Core-Shell Modeled AlMCM-48/HZSM-5 Composite Catalyst and Studies on Its Catalytic Activity in Cracking of Pongamia Oil into Bio Liquid Products