This document describes the "Bump-In-the-API" (BIA) host based
protocol translation mechanism that allows applications supporting
only one IP address family to communicate with peers that are
reachable or supporting only the other address family. This
specification addresses scenarios where a host is provided dual stack,
IPv6 only or IPv4 only network connectivity. In the dual stack network
case, single address family applications in the host will communicate
directly with other hosts using the same address family. In the case
of IPv6 only network or IPv6 only destination, IPv4- originated
communications have to be be translated into IPv6. IPv6 communications
may have to translated similarly to IPv4. Technically, the BIS-enabled
host resolves both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of the destination and
behaves according to received responses.

Dual Stack Hosts Using "Bump-in-the-API" (BIA)

With the growing of telecommunication technology, people can connect to the Internet wirelessly anywhere and anytime. IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) became the preferred technology for providing Internet access in both indoors and outdoors environments for private and public usage. In order to establish the connection, users need to authenticate and associate with the Access Point (AP) to get access to the network. This was originally not a secured environment. For securing authentication process, many protocols had been introduced to protect the WLANs against unauthorized access from attackers. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of different authentication protocols in Centralized 802.11 Architecture by comparing the latency for Authentication and Association, 802.1x Authentication and Key Management phases. Experiments were performed on a centralized WLAN testbed consisting of Access Controller (AC), AP, RADIUS server and Client in neighbourhood AP environment. We analyse the authentication protocols in error free and error prone scenarios to study the effect of error during re-authentication process during handover. WPA2-Enterprise authentication methods cause the highest re-authentication latency compare with open-system authentication and WPA2-Personal authentication. In the re-authentication component for WPA2Enterprise, 802.1x authentication phase cause highest latency than authentication and association phase and key management phase. (6 pages)

Latency evaluation of authentication protocols in centralized 802.11 architecture

IPv6 is the next generation of the Internet Protocol and has been mandated by the Office of Management and Budget throughout Federal agencies, including the Department of Defense (DOD). This paper discusses the process of bringing IPv6 from an array of standards and transition documents to field testing in the CERDEC C4ISR OTM Experiment during the summer of 2007. The paper will discuss the development of the CERDEC IPv6 Laboratory and the process to go from concept to hardware. Where it is appropriate, conceptual ideas of new IPv6 features and performance will be compared to actual performance comparisons between IPv4 and IPv6 taken during this field experiment.

IPv6 - From Concept to Field Trials

Inter-vehicle communication is a major part of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) was primarily developed to improve safety and comfort for vehicles, passengers and drivers. Because of high mobility and changeable infrastructure, there are many challenges in such networks one of which is routing. Existing routing algorithms for VANET are divided into five major classes: position based, cluster based, broadcast,geocast based, and topology based routing protocols.

Different researches for ITS compare existing routing protocols for VANET and evaluated their performance. Nevertheless, most of them are far from realistic conditions. Since these systems often consist of many nodes, a real-world test is very costly and time consuming. Therefore, most VANET researches use simulators which allow fast and cheap evaluation of protocols and applications. The simulation scenarios are controllable and reproducible. In simulation studies models are used to make a judgement on real-world viability. The model must reflect the real-world conditions to make the results reliable. 

In this thesis we provide a realistic model for Auckland using Nakagami propagation model and evaluate the performance of several popular VANET protocols (AODV, DSR,
OLSR,DSDV,GPSR, CBRP, and ZRP). We use Nakagami propagation model and investigate the impact of the shape factor of the Nakagami model on the performance of each protocol for two real scenarios: urban area and highway. For the urban area, we select Auckland CBD with maximum speed of 50 km/h. For the highway area, we select Auckland motorway with maximum speed of 100 km/h.

The simulations are carried out using OMNET++ and SUMO simulators, with scenarios configured to reflect real-world conditions. We compare the performance of the protocols using three metrics: packet error ratio, end-to-end delay and throughput.

The experimental results show that the performance of the protocols depend on several factors which include: number of vehicles, speed of vehicles, shape factor, etc. In general, DSR has the highest throughput for both scenarios in all conditions. In terms of packet error rate, for most of the cases in the CBD scenario, CBRP outperforms other protocols while for the motorway scenario, in most of the cases, the best protocol is ZRP. The lowest End to End Delay (EED) is achieved for both scenarios when using OLSR.

A scenario based performance analysis of VANET protocols

As a simple IPv4/IPv6 transition mechanism, IVI solves communication problems between IPv4 and NIVI IPv6 networks statelessly (IVI/ NIVI IPv6 network is image of Global IPv4 in IPv6 address family via 1:1/1:N mapping rule respectively). However, it fails to support communication between IPv4 and non-NIVI IPv6 networks. Current transition technologies such as NAT-PT and NAT64 cannot solve the issue as well. This paper proposes IVIT mechanism, which solves the problem with translation at the edge and tunnel at the core. Merging features of both IVI and Tunnel technologies, IVIT selects CPE at the edge as translation location and utilizes tunnel to load data arrived at the core gateway with IVI address mapping format and 6to4 tunnel mechanism. It puts forward address mapping rules embedding IPv4 host's address and CPE's address into IPv6 address, and supports communication between a private IPv4 network and an IPv6 network. IVIT resolves global addresses' shortness and routing scalability issues, and realizes stateless translation and end-to-end transparent communication. Compared with NAT-PT, IVIT has better function and performance with less impact on network, and the defects of IVIT are perfectly acceptable.

IVIT:a core stateless IPv4/IPv6 transition mechanism combining translation and tunnel technologies

Computer networks are complex - they are a heterogeneous environment in which numerous services, such as electronic mail, web browsing, voice and multimedia data, traverse the globe daily. The needs and demands of end users continuously change, and to meet these, new technologies are being incorporated into this mega digital infrastructure at a phenomenal rate. In addition to ensuring that necessary functionalities are provided, it is vitally important to ensure that network performance is always at its optimum.

Fundamentally, networks are an environment where data, mostly in the form of TCP and UDP, are being propagated end-to-end between the sending and receiving nodes. There are numerous avenues of network performance that can be exploited in order to improve its performance. Research in this area is multi-faceted, and in this thesis the focus is on evaluating the behaviour of TCP and UDP end-to-end on networks in three scenarios, namely, networks with transition mechanisms, wireless based networks, and in the context of using virtual private network technologies as security protocols.

This thesis will give insights into the behaviour of common protocols on real networks. Therefore, performance metrics related to networks have been gathered from test-bed implementations. The collected data has been presented in graphs and heat maps, which have been evaluated to ascertain network related characteristics. In particular, key metrics have been identified, networking techniques within each context have been ranked, specific observations related to each network environment have been made, and finally, the impact of either version of the Internet Protocol or an operating system has been evaluated.

Improving network performance : an evaluation of TCP/UDP on networks

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Improving network performance : an evaluation of TCP/UDP on networks