U Hrvatskoj nikada nije bilo oplemenjivackih programa za povrce, vec su sorte kreirane entuzijazmom autora kao "sporedni" proizvod znanstveno-istraživackog rada na povrcu. Na Sortnoj listi poljoprivrednog bilja RH, zakljucno s 2010. godinom, ima 17 sorti povrca koje su kreirane i upisane u listu od 1964. godine.

The vegetable crops

Modern agricultural systems that promote cultivation of a very limited number of crop species have relegated indigenous crops to the status of neglected and underutilised crop species (NUCS). The complex interactions of water scarcity associated with climate change and variability in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and population pressure require innovative strategies to address food insecurity and undernourishment. Current research efforts have identified NUCS as having potential to reduce food and nutrition insecurity, particularly for resource poor households in SSA. This is because of their adaptability to low input agricultural systems and nutritional composition. However, what is required to promote NUCS is scientific research including agronomy, breeding, post-harvest handling and value addition, and linking farmers to markets. Among the essential knowledge base is reliable information about water utilisation by NUCS with potential for commercialisation. This commentary identifies and characterises NUCS with agronomic potential in SSA, especially in the semi-arid areas taking into consideration inter alia: (i) what can grow under water-scarce conditions, (ii) water requirements, and (iii) water productivity. Several representative leafy vegetables, tuber crops, cereal crops and grain legumes were identified as fitting the NUCS category. Agro-biodiversity remains essential for sustainable agriculture.

The Potential Role of Neglected and Underutilised Crop Species as Future Crops under Water Scarce Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The producers of silage maize need more information on agronomic managements such as plant density and nitrogen fertilization. Field studies were conducted in Bursa to evaluate dry matter yield and forage quality responses of silage maize to plant density and nitrogen rate. Five densities of 60 000, 100 000, 140 000, 180 000 and 220 000 plants ha -1 and five rates of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg N ha -1 were applied with split block design of three replications. As plant density increased, dry matter yield, stem percentage and ADF increased, but leaf number plant -1 , stem diameter and ear percentage decreased with the highest dry matter yields of 180 000 plants ha -1 and 220 000 plants ha -1 . However, there were no effects of plant densities on plant height, leaf percentage, crude protein and NDF. The dry matter yield, plant height, leaf number plant -1 , stem diameter, leaf percentage, ear percentage, crude protein content and NDF responded linearly to nitrogen rates with the highest dry matter yields at 300 and 400 kg N ha -1 , respectively. However, stem percentage decreased and ADF did not change as nitrogen rates increased. In conclusion, 180 000 plants ha -1 and 300 kg N ha -1 may be recommended for cultivation of silage maize under drip irrigation at Southern

/pdf/yield-and-quality-of-forage-maize-as-influenced-by-plant-2cxgezebqd.pdf

Yield and quality of forage maize as influenced by plant density and nitrogen rate

A field experiment was conducted at the National Maize Research Program  (NMRP) Farm, Rampur, Chitwan during winter season, 2008/09 to study the effects of three  plant densities (55,555, 66,666 and 83,333 plants/ha) and three nitrogen levels (120, 160  and 200 kg/ha) on yield and yield attribute of hybrid maize ( Zea mays L.) varieties Gaurav,  (a Nepali hybrid) and Rajkumar (an Indian hybrid).  The results showed that plant height  increases with increasing plant density and nitrogen level. Similarly, phenology was not  influenced by the densities whereas variety and nitrogen levels had a significant effect on  tasseling, silking and physiological maturity. Plant density of 66,666 plants/ha produced the  higher grain yield (11.19 t/ha) compared to that of 55,555 plants/ha (9.52 t/ha). However,  grain yield at 66,666 plants/ha did not show a significant difference with that of 83,333  plants/ha (10.54 t/ha). Increasing plant density from 55,555  plants/ha to 83,333 plants/ha had increased the stover yield, whereas, the Harvest Index (HI) and grain stover ratio were  not significantly influenced by plant densities. Similarly, 200 kg/ha N application produced a  higher grain yield (10.9 t/ha) than 120 kg/ha N application (9.76 t/ha), but was in par with  160 kg/ha N application (10.59 t/ha). The yield of the two hybrid maize varieties had no  significant difference. Plant density with 66,666 plants/ha and 160 kg/ha N application was  the most appropriate for inner terai environments of Nepal during winter season. Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 23 (3): 218-227 (2012) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tar.v23i3.4659

/pdf/growth-and-yield-of-hybrid-maize-zea-mays-l-in-relation-to-4wa98kvk9q.pdf

Growth and Yield of Hybrid Maize ( Zea mays L.) in Relation to Planting Density and Nitrogen Levels during Winter Season in Nepal

Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Farm, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan during summer 2006 and 2007 in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements having three replications. Four plant populations (4.5, 6, 7.5 and 9 plants m -2 ), three nitrogen levels (80, 120 and 160 kg ha -1 ) and three nitrogen application methods (full dose at emergence, half each at emergence and knee height, one third each at emergence, knee height and pre-tasseling stages) were included in the experiments. Plant populations (PP) were kept in the main plot, while combinations of nitrogen levels (N) and nitrogen application methods were kept in the sub-plots. Maize variety Azam was sown with the help of a planter in a plot size of 3 x 3 m 2 with row to row distance of 75 cm. Grain and biological yields increased with increase in PP from 4.5 plants m -2 to 7.5 plants m -2 but further increase in PP did not significantly enhance grain and biological yields of maize. Likewise, increase in N level significantly improved grain and biological yields of maize up to 120 kg ha -1 . Similarly, N application in three splits performed better than sole or two splits in terms of biological yield production in maize. HI consistently increased with increase in PP from 4.5 plants m -2 to 9 plants m -2 . Ear characters were not affected by PP except grain weight which was higher at PP of 7.5 plants m -2 . In similar fashion, N level significantly affected only grains row -1 and grain ear -1 . Both grains row -1 and grain ear -1 increased with increase in N level from 80 to 160 kg ha -1 but the N level of 120 and 160 kg ha -1 were statistically at par with each other. It is concluded that higher yield and better ear characters were obtained at PP of 7.5 plant m -2 with N application @120 kg ha -1 .

Effect of plant population and nitrogen levels and methods of application on ear characters and yield of maize

Field studies were undertaken at Agricultural Research Farm, NWFP Agriculture University Peshawar during ‘Rabi’ 2003-04 to investigate the effect of planting density and postemergence herbicides on wheat. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with split-plot arrangements. Four seeding rates viz., 100,120,140 and 160 kg ha -1 were assigned to main plots, whereas herbicides to the sub-plots. The herbicides were Topik 15WP (clodinafoppropargyl) @ 0.02, 2,4-D sodium salt 92%@ 0.90,Isoproturon 75EW 0.63, Puma super 75EW (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl)@ 0.75, Agritop (MCPA) 500GL -1 @ 0.43 and Affinity 50WDG (carfentrazone-ethyl ester)@ 0.35kg ha -1 . Hand weeding and weedy check were also included for comparison. Statistical analysis of the data showed that all the parameters were affected by different herbicides, while seed rates significantly affected the plant height at maturity. The interaction of seed rates with herbicides also showed significant effect on fresh weed biomass. Topik 15WP treated plots exhibited the best performance with minimum weeds density (74.75m -2 ) and weed fresh biomass (1875kg ha -1 ) as compared to weedy check (387.3 m -2 and 5313 kg ha -1 ). Maximum grain yield (3656 kg ha -1 ), number of tillers (215.6 m -2 ) and plant height (56.53 cm) at maturity were recorded in Topik 15WP. Affinity closely followed the Topik in the studied parameters. Thus Topik 15WP and Affinity 15WDG are recommended for controlling weeds in wheat.

Effect of herbicides and wheat population on control of weeds in wheat.

The experiment was conducted at Malakandher Research Farm, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar during summer 2000. It was replicated 4 times in RCB Design with split plot arrangement having plot size of 3 x 3.5m. The maize hybrids included in the experiment were Pioneer 3025, Cargill 707, Cargill 922 and Baber while plant to plant spacing was 15, 25, 35 and 45cm. Emergence m ², number of cobs per plant, cob weight, grain yield (kg ha -1 ) and harvest index were significantly affected by hybrids. Hybrid Pioneer had Emergence m - ² (10) significantly higher number of cobs plant -1 (1.14), cob weight (324g), grain yield (3275kg ha -1 ) and higher harvest index (24) as compared with other hybrids. Various spacing had significantly affected emergence m - ², cobs/m², grains cob m -1 , cob weight and biological yield while the effect on other parameters was non-significant. Spacing of 15cm had significantly more emergence m ² (10), number of cob per m² (10), lower grains cob -1 (343), lowest cob weight (227g) but higher biological yield (15691kg ha -1 ). Interaction of hybrid Pioneer and 25cm give highest grain yield ha -1

Effect of plant population on maize hybrids

Phenology and crop stand are the two important determinants that fix crop growth cycle as well as directly or indirectly affect the crop productivity. In this connection, we carried out a field trial at Horticulture Research Farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2010 in order to sort out how N and P influence the phenology of okra using various okra varieties. The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement. The parameters studied were survival percentage (%), days to flowering, plant height (cm), pod length (cm), and sound seeds pod -1 of the okra plants at various levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers. The different levels of N and P had a significant effect on days to flowering, plant height (cm), and pod length (cm). However, among varieties, maximum days to flowering (39.57) were recorded in Sabz Pari and minimum (36.33) in Arka Anamika; maximum plant height (104.47 cm) in Sabz Pari and minimum (86.86 cm) in Green Star. Among the fertilizer levels, maximum days to flowering (41.11) were recorded in plots of N and P fertilizers applied at rate of 150 and 120 kg ha -1 , respectively, while minimum days to flowering (33.11) were there in control plots. Similarly, the tallest plants of height 106.51 cm were observed in N and P treated plots at 150 and 90 kg ha -1 , respectively, whereas plant height was least (72.17 cm) in control plots. Pod length was highest i.e., 17.97 cm recorded in N and P combined treated plots at 100 and 120 kg ha -1 as compared to the lowest pod length (15.35 cm) in control plots. In light of the results it could be concluded that okra is phonologically vulnerable to different levels of N and P applications in Peshawar region.

How nitrogen and phosphorus influence the phenology of okra

Prevention of weed–crop competition at an early stage plays a very important role. Potato is grown abundantly in our country and particularly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, but due to lack of proper attention potato yield is always very low as compared to the developed countries. Regardless of other factors, weeds are one of the serious obstacles in producing higher yields. In this context, an experiment was designed in which there were a total of nine treatments including eight herbicides and a weedy check for comparison. Metribuzin 70% WP (metribuzin) @ 0.63 kg, Gramoxone 200SL + Dual gold 960EC (gramoxone+s-metolachlor) @ 3.75L+2.5L, Sencor 70WP (metribuzin) @ 0.63 kg, Torrent 50WDG (terbutryn+terbuthylazine) @ 1.75kg, Solanum 500SC (terbutryn+terbuthylazine) @ 1.75L, Dual gold 960EC (s-metolachlor) @ 2.5L, Multiquat 200SL (gramoxone) @ 3.75 L, and Gramoxone 200SL (gramoxone) @ 3.75L ha -1 were the herbicidal treatments that were evaluated. The results revealed that all the herbicides had a significant effect on weed density m -2 and also on tuber yield of potato. Herbicidal treatments significantly reduced the weed population as compared to the control treatments, with 104 weeds m -2 . All the treatments resulted in more than 80% mortality of the weeds that infested the field before application of the herbicides. No crop injury was observed in any of the herbicides used in the experiment. The herbicide combination, Gramoxone+Dual gold gave the highest potato tuber yield (15910 kg ha -1 ) which was 36% higher than the weedy check treatments (10162 kg ha -1 ). However, it was statistically similar to Gramoxone and Multiquat treatments that resulted in tuber yield of 15288 and 15022 kg ha -1 , with percent increase as 33.53 and 32.35%, respectively. Therefore, Gramoxone+Dual gold was the best treatment in the experiment for effective weed control and profitable tuber yields of potato crop in agro-ecological conditions of Peshawar.

Studies on efficacy of different herbicides against weeds in potato crop in peshawar

Apot experiment was designed to study the allelopathic effect of two weeds (Cyperus rotundus L. and Sorghum halepense L.) against chickpea plants. The experiment was undertaken in the Weed Science Research Laboratoryof the University of Agriculture Peshawar during winter season 2012. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD). Weed samples for extract purpose were dried, ground with the help of grinder and then weighed. Each time two concentrations were made from each sample @ 150 and 200 g L -1 . The chickpea variety Karak-1 was used in the experiment.Ten seeds of chickpea were planted in Plastic pots with 12 cm height and 15 cm diameter filled with soil. The results showed that all the parameters of chickpea were significantly affected by the allelopathic extracts of Cyperus rotundusand Sorghum halepense. Further research is suggested to investigate the actual phenomena responsible for this variationwithin thesetested plants.

Allelopathic effects of some weeds on chickpea crop.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Shahida Bibi

Author Tools

Chat about Author