High-performance ultrasonic transducer based on PZT piezoelectric ceramic for high-temperature NDE.

The uniformity of amplitude distribution and amplitude gain are two main factors affecting the performance of ultrasonic welding vibration system. In order to improve the uniformity of amplitude distribution and amplitude gain of welding surface to enhance the performance of the vibration system, a new design method of a large-scale three-dimensional ultrasonic plastic welding vibration system based on a quasi-periodic phononic crystal structure is proposed. In this method, the composite horn combined with a conical section and a cylindrical section can effectively improve the output amplitude gain of the welding surface. In addition, the method forms a quasi-periodic phononic crystal structure by slotting in a large-scale three-dimensional tool head, and utilizes the band gap property of the structure to effectively suppress lateral vibration of the tool head and improve the amplitude distribution uniformity of the tool head’s welding surface. However, when the size of the tool head is relatively large, the quasi-periodic phononic crystal structure cannot suppress the lateral vibration very well. Therefore, the paper processes fan-shaped slopes on the output surface of the tool head which can further improve the uniformity of the amplitude distribution and amplitude gain. Finally, the simulation analysis and experiments show that the design method can optimize the large-scale three-dimensional ultrasonic plastic welding system, improve the uniformity of the vibration distribution and increase the output amplitude gain of the welding surface.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/10/1/21/pdf

Study on a Large-Scale Three-Dimensional Ultrasonic Plastic Welding Vibration System Based on a Quasi-Periodic Phononic Crystal Structure

Graphene has inspired wide‐range research interests and practical applications due to its intriguing materials properties and versatile application prospects. Specifically, vertically oriented graphene (VG) constructed by vertically aligned nanosheets emerges as a unique material type, usually achieved through a plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) route. The VG films possess abundant exposed active edges, large surface areas, relatively high electrical conductivity, and excellent thermal property in both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane directions. Direct synthesizing of such VG films on various functional substrates enables their transfer‐free integrations and direct applications in thermal management, sensing, energy storage and conversion, etc. In this review article, it is planned to showcase the recent advances in direct PECVD growth of VG films on some novel functional insulating substrates (e.g., glass, functional ceramics), mainly in terms of improving the electrical conductivity, enhancing the interfacial adhesion, and graphene growth orientation modulation. Meanwhile, the applications of the PECVD‐derived products in various new fields will also be discussed, such as photothermal conversion, switchable windows, light attenuation in photography, transparent heating, and thermal management for high‐power devices. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities will also be presented regarding controllable syntheses of high‐quality VG films and practical application explorations in different fields.

Direct Plasma‐Enhanced‐Chemical‐Vapor‐Deposition Syntheses of Vertically Oriented Graphene Films on Functional Insulating Substrates for Wide‐Range Applications

Higher order interface conditions for piezoelectric spherical hollow composites: asymptotic approach and transfer matrix homogenization method

Fabrication of sustainable, mechanically robustness and reproducible metal polymer composite elastomer is desirable but remains a challenge. Herein, a multiple hydrogen bonds crosslinked metal polymer composite elastomer derived from cellulose, plant oil, nature rubber and liquid metal was prepared, which exhibited excellent mechanical elasticity, reproducible and photothermal conversion performance. To fabricate the proposed composite elastomer, the liquid metal (LM) droplets were dispersed within a mixture of amino cellulose (AC), pimelic acid modified epoxy soybean oil (ESOPA) and nature rubber matrix through high-frequency ultrasonication. The active groups of the AC and ESOPA were able to not only construct a multiple hydrogen bonds network to endow the composite elastomer with excellent mechanical strength (1.51 MPa) and stretchability (515.3%), but also stabilize the LM particles. And the broken and reconstruction of the multiple hydrogen bonds network allowed the composite elastomer to be healed quickly at room temperature with high self-healing efficiency of 97.28%. In addition, the LM in the waste composite elastomers could be effectively recycled through dissolution and extraction as well as obtained a regenerative NR/ESOPA/AC elastomer, and the recycling efficiency of LM was up to 85%. Most importantly, the NR/ESOPA/AC/LM composite elastomer possessed stable photothermal conversion property, and has been successfully applied to convert light energy to thermal, electric and kinetic energy to drive the Stirling motor and electric fan, which paved a promising strategy for clean energy collection and conversion. 

Multiple hydrogen bonds network enabled sustainable and reproducible cellulose/liquid metal composite elastomer for clean energy collection and conversion

Optimization on ultrasonic plastic welding systems based on two-dimensional phononic crystal.

Study on the bending vibration of bimorph rectangular transducer based on type 2-2 piezoelectric composites.

Radial vibration analysis for functionally graded ring piezoelectric transducers based on electromechanical equivalent circuit method.

This article develops a high-power piezoelectric transformer based on the sandwiched piezoelectric transducer with multioutput characteristics. An advanced high-power voltage transformation technology is realized via using the superior mechanical robustness of the sandwiched piezoelectric transducers. High-power sandwiched piezoelectric transformers (s-PTs) with the unique crisscrossed structure are constructed by four sandwiched piezoelectric transducers with two modes, i.e., antiphase mode and in-phase mode, due to the coupled vibration of the central metal cuboid. Moreover, the related electromechanical equivalent circuit model (EECM) of the s-PTs is established in which two loss factors are introduced into this model, and its impedance characteristics, voltage gains, and power gains are studied as well. The accuracy of EECM is verified by the finite element method and experiments. Results reveal that s-PT has three outputs, and its voltage gains and power ratios are affected by load resistance and loss. The output power of the s-PTs can reach at least 45 W, and the s-PTs can keep the efficiency of ∼35% under high-input electric power, which provides a new idea for high-power piezoelectric transformers.

The High-Power Piezoelectric Transformer With Multiple Outputs Based on Sandwiched Piezoelectric Transducers

A radial-longitudinal (R-L) ultrasonic transducer is designed by compounding a piezoelectric ceramic and an outer metal ring on the central coupling cylinder of a longitudinal cascade transducer. This design is used to realize multi-mode vibration and increase the radiation range. By applying longitudinal and radial double excitation, three coupled vibration modes of the transducer are generated in the frequency range of 15-65 kHz. The coupled vibration dominated by radial vibration is regarded as the best vibration mode of this transducer. The electromechanical equivalent circuit and the resonance frequency equation of the transducer's coupled vibration are derived by using the equivalent elastic method and one-dimensional vibration theory and verified by the finite element method and experimental method. The results show that the electrical impedance frequency curves of the transducer from the three methods are consistent. The transducer is expected to be used in ultrasonic cleaning and liquid processing applications.

Multi-mode coupled vibration performance analysis of a radial-longitudinal (R-L) ultrasonic transducer.

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