Sustainability assessment is being increasingly viewed as an important tool to aid in the shift towards sustainability. However, this is a new and evolving concept and there remain very few examples of effective sustainability assessment processes implemented anywhere in the world. Sustainability assessment is often described as a process by which the implications of an initiative on sustainability are evaluated, where the initiative can be a proposed or existing policy, plan, programme, project, piece of legislation, or a current practice or activity. However, this generic definition covers a broad range of different processes, many of which have been described in the literature as 'sustainability assessment'. This article seeks to provide some clarification by reflecting on the different approaches described in the literature as being forms of sustainability assessment, and evaluating them in terms of their potential contributions to sustainability. Many of these are actually examples of 'integrated assessment', derived from environmental impact assessment (EIA) and strategic environmental assessment (SEA), but which have been extended to incorporate social and economic considerations as well as environmental ones, reflecting a 'triple bottom line' (TBL) approach to sustainability. These integrated assessment processes typically either seek to minimise 'unsustainability', or to achieve TBL objectives. Both aims may, or may not, result in sustainable practice. We present an alternative conception of sustainability assessment, with the more ambitious aim of seeking to determine whether or not an initiative is actually sustainable. We term such processes 'assessment for sustainability'. 'Assessment for sustainability' firstly requires that the concept of sustainability be well-defined. The article compares TBL approaches and principles-based approaches to developing such sustainability criteria, concluding that the latter are more appropriate, since they avoid many of the inherent limitations of the triple-bottom-line as a conception of sustainability.

Conceptualising sustainability assessment

The purpose of this book is to measure and evaluate the supply chain performance of the Volta Aluminium Company and upon the results, make recommendations and suggestions to the management, which can assist also other companies in their decision-making. Once that actually, companies operate their business in an increasingly changeable and unpredictable enviroment, where competition assumes global scale, they need to look for new ideals, new tools and new methods. The proposed framework grounds on the Methodology of performance measuring systems, plying to the measurement of both tangible and intangible assets, and also measuring supply chain performance internally and externally. The framework developed enhance the use of a group of metrics across all organisations, this metrics are a fundamental part of a measuring system adapted to strategy, goals, key performance areas, process elements and activities, enabling evaluating defined goals, leading to decisions making and the implementation of improvement actions.

Measuring Supply Chain Performance

: One of the most important areas of market research is on consumer behaviour and attitudes regarding various aspects of sustainable consumption. Consumer behaviour is understood as activities related to the entire consumption cycle of products from various sectors, which allow the consumer to function and achieve personal goals. They, at the same time, also they allow to achieve satisfaction and well-being, taking short- and long-term effects as well as individual and social consequences into account (Antonides & van Raaij, 1999). Within the context of the cited definition, a survey of household rubbish may be very interesting and useful. Such research is not of a declarative nature, but is based on products consumed actually. They can provide extensive information on consumption trends, including, for example, the amount and type of products consumed or food waste. Another example of market research in the context of sustainable consumption is research on products harmful to health, e.g. cigarettes. The main goal of the chapter is to present 2 unusual examples of market research conducted by various entities: journalists and a research agency. Therefore, the structure of the chapter covers two examples:1. Garbology as an example of market research in SD—how to learn more about consumers and consumption. 2.

Sustainability and Sustainable Development

Sustainable development and sustainability have been the targets of policy making on every level and the focus of multi-national agreements. However, both notions are vaguely defined and no concrete methodological guidance is offered on how to achieve them. One methodology that is increasingly being used to measure sustainability is Data Envelopment Analysis. The purpose of the current paper is to review the literature from 2017 until 2020 and investigate how researchers have used Data Envelopment Analysis to measure sustainability. Building also from the conclusions of previous reviews, results indicate that the social dimension of sustainability is still underrepresented. Furthermore, proxy indices are used as a substitute for sustainability. Despite their important merits, such measures do not fully capture the multi-dimensional structure of sustainability and sustainable development. Finally, the review illustrates that the majority of applications concerns Asian nations or Chinese regions, while the study on European areas and/or nations appears to be lagging considerably.

Data envelopment analysis and the concept of sustainability: A review and analysis of the literature

Resource reallocation for improving sustainable supply chain performance: An inverse data envelopment analysis

In this paper, two input-oriented and output-oriented inverse semi-oriented radial measures are presented. Such models are applied to determine resource allocation and investment strategies for assessing sustainability of countries. Our proposed models can deal with both positive and negative data. In our proposed inverse input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, optimal inputs are suggested while outputs and efficiency score of decision-making unit (DMU) under evaluation are unchanged. Similarly, in our proposed inverse output-oriented DEA model, optimal outputs are proposed while inputs and efficiency score of DMU under evaluation are kept unchanged. For the first time, we propose two new inverse DEA models to handle resource allocation and investment analysis problems given sustainable development aspects in the presence of negative data. A case study is given for assessing sustainability of countries.

How to assess sustainability of countries via inverse data envelopment analysis

Developing a novel inverse data envelopment analysis (DEA) model for evaluating after‐sales units

To manage cash flow in supply chains, the purpose of this paper is to propose inverse data envelopment analysis (DEA) model.,This paper develops an inverse range directional measure (RDM) model to deal with positive and negative values. The proposed model is developed to estimate input and output variations such that not only efficiency score of decision making unit (DMU) remains unchanged, but also efficiency score of other DMUs do not change.,Given that auto making industry deals with huge variety and volumes of parts, cash flow management is so important. In this paper, inverse RDM models are developed to manage cash flow in supply chains. For the first time, the authors propose inverse DEA models to deal with negative data. By applying the inverse DEA models, managers distinguish efficient DMUs from inefficient ones and devise appropriate strategies to increase efficiency score. Given results of inverse integrated RDM model, other combinations of cash flow strategies are proposed. The suggested strategies can be taken into account as novel strategies in cash flow management. Interesting point is that such strategies do not lead to changes in efficiency scores.,In this paper, inverse input and output-oriented RDM model is developed in presence of negative data. These models are applied in resource allocation and investment analysis problems. Also, inverse integrated RDM model is developed.

Developing an inverse range directional measure model to deal with positive and negative values

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How to assess sustainability of countries via inverse data envelopment analysis

Developing a novel inverse data envelopment analysis (DEA) model for evaluating after‐sales units

Developing an inverse range directional measure model to deal with positive and negative values