Zeolites with the three-dimensional structures occur naturally or can be synthesized in the laboratory. Zeolites have versatile applications such as environmental remediation, catalytic activity, biotechnological application, gas sensing and medicinal applications. Although, naturally occurring zeolites are readily available, nowadays, more emphasis is given on the synthesis of the zeolites due to their easy synthesis in the pure form, better ion exchange capabilities and uniform in size. Recently, much attention has also been paid on how zeolite is being synthesized from low-cost material (e.g., rice husk), particularly, by resolving the major environmental issues. Hence, the main purpose of this review is to make an effective resolution of zeolite synthesis methods together with potential applications in environmental engineering. Among different synthesis methods, hydrothermal method is commonly found to be used widely in the synthesis of various zeolites from inexpensive raw materials such as fly ash, rice husk ash, blast furnace slag, municipal solid waste, paper sludge, lithium slag and kaolin. Besides, future expectation in the field of synthetic zeolites research is also included.

Zeolite synthesis from low-cost materials and environmental applications: A review

The use of acid mud produced during the aluminum extraction of kaolinite to synthesize mobil composition of matter no. 41 (MCM‐41) type material is proposed in this work. The acid mud was placed in contact with NaOH at 550°C to release the silicon and aluminum, then the fused material obtained was mixed with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) followed by a hydrothermal treatment considering a factorial design 2k with four experimental factors (CTAB dose, synthesis time, temperature, and solid/liquid ratio). The formation of MCM‐41 was evaluated via X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with electrons dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) analysis complemented with surface area analysis from which a maximum value of 550 m2/g was obtained for the best material. XRD results showed the typical pattern of MCM‐41 measured at low angle, furthermore, the characteristic type IV isotherm of adsorption–desorption was observed in certain materials. The elemental analysis showed the presence of iron and titanium oxide, which could be of great interest for the use of the material as a photocatalyst. Preliminary tests, using the MCM‐41 samples synthesized and methyl orange revealed a moderate photocatalytic activity of the material as compared to a commercial product (P25); opening up opportunities for the further development of such materials as potential and cost‐effective photocatalysts for pollutants degradation in wastewater. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13069, 2019

Synthesis of MCM-41 material from acid mud generated in the aluminum extraction of kaolinite mineral

Recycling and utilization of paper sludge ash -current status review and future perspectives

The objective of this study was to use sludge generated from the paper industry wastewater treatment plants as raw material for the synthesis of zeolites. Sludge samples were collected from the three main paper industries of the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City and the one having the highest content of Si and Al was selected to conduct the zeolite synthesis tests. The selected sludge was calcined, leached with HCl solutions and used in the zeolites synthesis process. Sludge leaching with 1M HCl solution promotes the formation of zeolite A and 2 M HCl solution promotes zeolites P (calcium and sodium forms). The successful use of sludge generated from the paper industry in the synthesis process of zeolites will result in a reduction of the pollution associated to these residues. This represents important technical, economic and environmental advantages compared to other similar processes that use high purity commercial raw materials

Synthesis of Zeolites Using Paper Industry Sludge as Raw Material

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Synthesis of Zeolites Using Paper Industry Sludge as Raw Material