The aim of this study was to assess hair cortisol concentrations in New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) that were subjected to relocation and surgery to evaluate HPA-axis activity; in addition, we used this marker of cortisol secretion to evaluate the allostatic load of animals undergoing surgery. After a period of acclimatisation, which lasted 40 days from their arrival at the enclosure, 19 rabbits were subjected to T1–T12 dorsal arthrodesis (RS), 19 were sham-operated (SS), and 19 were non-operated (CON). Hair samples were collected at the time of arrival (ST1) at the animal facility, and seven other sets of hair samples were collected at 40day intervals from the same area of skin for a period of 240 days as re-shaved hair (anagen phase): immediately before surgery (ST2) and after the surgery (ST3, ST4, ST5, ST6, ST7, and ST8). The transition from the rabbitry to the animal breeding facility led to a significant increase in cortisol concentration (ST2) in all of the groups. At ST3, the RS group presented higher cortisol concentrations than those of the SS group and the CON group. At ST4, the experimental groups showed similar values that remained constant until ST8. The results show that the management of rabbits undergoing surgery should be evaluated very carefully, and hair cortisol concentrations may provide a means of avoiding the dangerous cumulative effects of additional stressors close to surgery.

Hair cortisol concentrations in New Zealand white rabbits subjected to surgery

Background: This experimental study provides a qualitative description and the morpho-structural features of the fusions taking place in the thoracic spine between prepubertal age and skeletal maturity. There is a lack of informations regarding the influence of partial or total dorso-thoracic vertebral arthrodesis on the development of the thoracic cage as well as its potential effects on different intra and extra-thoracic organs. This study admits the hypothesis that vertebral arthrodesis may have influence on other body areas and so, it intends to verify the possible secondary involvement of other body parts, such as intervertebral discs, cervical and thoracic spinal ganglia, sternocostal cartilage, ovaries and lungs. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four female New Zealand white rabbits were submitted to dorsal arthrodesis. The radiologic imaging and light microscopy histological pictures were taken and studied in all. Computed tomography (CT) scan measurements were performed in operated and sham operated rabbits at different time. Similarly, histological specimens of intervertebral discs, cervical and thoracic spinal ganglia, sternocostal cartilage, ovaries and lungs were analyzed at different times. The study ended at the age of 17–18 months. Results: Most rabbits had formed a fusion mass, which was only fibrous at first, then osteofibrous and finally, in the older subjects, structured in lamellar-osteon tissue. Intervertebral foramens were negatively involved in vertebral arthrodesis, as shown by CT scans. Intervertebral discs showed irregular aspects. The increase of atresic follicles and the reduction of primordial follicles in operated rabbits led to the hypothesis of a cause-effect relationship between arthrodesis and modified hormonal status. Dorsal root ganglia showed microscopic alterations in operated rabbits especially. Conclusions: The process of fusion mass and bone formation, associated with the arthrodesis, involves at different degrees of the vertebral bodies, discs and intervertebral foramens, ganglia and spinal nerve roots.

Radiologic and histological observations in experimental T1-T12 dorsal arthrodesis: A qualitative description of T1-T12 segment and other body parts involved, between prepubertal age and skeletal maturityxs.

This experimental study was aimed at evaluating the type of cardiac and pulmonary involvement, in relation to changes of the thoracic spine and cage in prepubertal rabbits with nondeformed spine following dorsal arthrodesis. The hypothesis was that T1-T12 arthrodesis modified thoracic dimensions, but would not modify cardiopulmonary function once skeletal maturity was reached. The study was conducted in 16 female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Nine rabbits were subjected to T1-T12 dorsal arthrodesis while seven were sham-operated. Echocardiographic images were obtained at 12 months after surgery and parameters for 2-dimensional and M-mode echocardiographic variables were assessed. One week before echocardiographic examination, blood samples were withdrawn from the animals’ central artery of the left ear to obtain blood gas values. One week after echocardiographic assessment, a thoracic CT scan was performed under general anesthesia. Chest depth (CD) and width (CW), thoracic kyphosis (ThK) and sternal length (StL) were measured; thoracic index (ThI), expressed as CD/CW ratio. All subjects were euthanized after the CT scan. Heart and lungs were subsequently removed to measure weight and volume. The values for 2-dimensional and M-mode echocardiographic variables were found to be uniformly and significantly higher, compared to those reported in anesthetized rabbits. CD, ThK, and StL were considerably lower in operated rabbits, as compared to the ones that were sham-operated. Similarly, the ThI was lower in operated rabbits than in sham-operated ones. Irregularities in thoracic cage growth resulting from thoracic spine arthrodesis did not alter blood and echocardiographic parameters in NZW rabbits.

Effect of thoracic arthrodesis in prepubertal New Zealand white rabbits on cardio-pulmonary function

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Effect of thoracic arthrodesis in prepubertal New Zealand white rabbits on cardio-pulmonary function