> Ironically, at the very time definitive data are confirming primary care’s essential contributions to health care … practicing primary care physicians are demoralized, retiring early, and advising others not to go into the field .
> 
> Allan H. Goroll et al[1][1]
Most Canadian FPs would

Alternative payment models: A path forward.

Incorporating Group Medical Visits into Primary Healthcare: Are There Benefits?

Objective To examine access to primary care in new and traditional models using 2 dimensions of the concept of patient-centred access.

Design An international survey examining the quality and costs of primary health care (the QUALICOPC study) was conducted in 2013 in Canada. This study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey method using data from practices across Canada. Each participating practice filled out the Family Physician Survey and the Practice Survey, and patients in each participating practice were asked to complete the Patient Experiences Survey.

Setting All 10 Canadian provinces.

Participants A total of 759 practices and 7172 patients.

Main outcome measures Independent t tests were conducted to examine differences between new and traditional models of care in terms of availability and accommodation, and affordability of care.

Results Of the 759 practices, 407 were identified as having new models of care and 352 were identified as traditional. New models of care were distinct with respect to payment structure, opening hours, and having an interdisciplinary work force. Most participating practices were from large cities or suburban areas. There were few differences between new and traditional models of care regarding accessibility and accommodation in primary care. Patients under new models of care reported easier access to other physicians in the same practice, while patients from traditional models reported seeing their regular family physicians more frequently. There was no difference between the new and traditional models of care with regard to affordability of primary care. Patients attending clinics with new models of care reported that their physicians were more involved with them as a whole person than patients attending clinics based on traditional models did.

Conclusion Primary care access issues do not differ strongly between traditional and new models of care; however, patients in the new models of care believed that their physicians were more involved with them as people.

https://www.cfp.ca/content/cfp/62/1/54.full.pdf

Do new and traditional models of primary care differ with regard to access?: Canadian QUALICOPC study.

Compared to a decade ago, long-term care residents are likely to be older, frailer, more functionally impaired, more medically complex, and closer to the end of life. Because of this, residents are also less likely to benefit from and more likely to be harmed by the same drugs and routine medical interventions that may have worked well for them earlier in life. Family physicians are well positioned to play a key role in navigating the tensions between life extension, rehabilitation, symptom management, and palliation. Unfortunately, in many jurisdictions, despite more than a decade of primary care reform, family physicians are not attracted to working in long-term residential care (LTRC). The proportion of those working in LTRC has been declining over time, and there is no mandatory training of family physicians in LTRC work. This article reviews the influence of Canadian primary care policy related to the physician role in LTRC facilities and describes a number of promising practices across Canadian prov...

Promising Practices in Long-Term Residential Care: Where Do Physicians Fit In (or Don’t They)?

Abstract Background Over the past two decades, Canadian provinces and territories have introduced a series of primary care reforms in an attempt to improve access to and quality of primary care services, resulting in diverse organizational structures and practice models. We examine the impact of these reforms on family physicians’ (FPs) ability to adapt their roles during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the provision of routine primary care. Methods As part of a larger case study, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with FPs in four Canadian regions: British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Ontario. During the interviews, participants were asked about their personal and practice characteristics, the pandemic-related roles they performed over different stages of the pandemic, the facilitators and barriers they experienced in performing these roles, and potential roles FPs could have filled. Interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis approach was applied to identify recurring themes in the data. Results Sixty-eight FPs completed an interview across the four regions. Participants described five areas of primary care reform that impacted their ability to operate and provide care during the pandemic: funding models, electronic medical records (EMRs), integration with regional entities, interdisciplinary teams, and practice size. FPs in alternate funding models experienced fewer financial constraints than those in fee-for-service practices. EMR access enhanced FPs’ ability to deliver virtual care, integration with regional entities improved access to personal protective equipment and technological support, and team-based models facilitated the implementation of infection prevention and control protocols. Lastly, larger group practices had capacity to ensure adequate staffing and cover additional costs, allowing FPs more time to devote to patient care. Conclusions Recent primary care system reforms implemented in Canada enhanced FPs’ ability to adapt to the uncertain and evolving environment of providing primary care during the pandemic. Our study highlights the importance of ongoing primary care reforms to enhance pandemic preparedness and advocates for further expansion of these reforms. 

Adapting care provision in family practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study exploring the impact of primary care reforms in four Canadian regions

Objective To examine the remuneration model preferences of newly practising family physicians. Design Mixed-methods study comprising a cross-sectional, Web-based survey, as well as qualitative content analysis of answers to open-ended questions. Setting British Columbia. Participants University of British Columbia family practice residents who graduated between 2000 and 2009. Main outcome measures Preferred remuneration models of newly practising physicians. Results The survey response rate was 31% (133 of 430). Of respondents, 71% (93 of 132) preferred non–fee-for-service practice models and 86% (110 of 132) identified the payment model as very or somewhat important in their choice of future practice. Three principal themes were identified from content analysis of respondents’ open-ended comments: frustrations with fee-for-service billing, which encompassed issues related to aggravations with “the business side of things” and was seen as impeding “the freedom to focus on medicine”; quality of patient care, which embraced the importance of a payment model that supported “comprehensive patient care” and “quality rather than quantity”; and freedom to choose, which supported the plurality of practice preferences among providers who strived to provide quality care for patients, “whatever model you happen to be working in.” Conclusion Newly practising physicians in British Columbia preferred alternatives to fee-for-service payment models, which were perceived as contributing to fewer frustrations with billing systems, improved quality of work life, and better quality of patient care.

https://www.cfp.ca/content/cfp/58/5/e275.full.pdf

Practice and payment preferences of newly practising family physicians in British Columbia

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Practice and payment preferences of newly practising family physicians in British Columbia