A review on the mechanical properties of aged wood and salvaged timber

Organic-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was used as nano-layer filler to improve the fire protection, water and corrosion resistance of waterborne intumescent fire retardant coating. The influence of OMMT on the properties of fire retardant coating and the mechanism of OMMT effect on the coating were investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fire protection test, water and corrosion resistance test. It was found by XRD that OMMT could be exfoliated and dispersed well in the coating with the addition of 1 wt.%, while excessive OMMT was easy to aggregate and dispersed badly. SEM micrographs and EDS analysis results showed that well-dispersed OMMT nano-layers were parallelly distributed in the coating. The results of fire protection test and the observation results of morphology of char layers indicated that the fire protection of the coating and foam structure of the char layer were remarkably improved by adding suitable content of OMMT. TGA analysis demonstrated that OMMT could enhance the combustion residual weight and thermal stability of the coating. Based on the results of water and corrosion resistance test, the parallel-arranged OMMT could significantly slow down the migration and solvation of fire retardant additives through its barrier effect, thereby improving the water and corrosion resistance of the coating.

Influences of montmorillonite on fire protection, water and corrosion resistance of waterborne intumescent fire retardant coating for steel structure

Influences of glass flakes on fire protection and water resistance of waterborne intumescent fire resistive coating for steel structure

Preparation and performances of novel waterborne intumescent fire retardant coatings

Effect of wood species, clamping pressure and glue spread rate on the bonding properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) manufactured from tropical hardwoods

In this study the thermal conductivity of different wood materials was determined. For this purpose, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Uludag fir (Abies Bornmulleriana Matff), Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L), Oak (Quercus robur L.), and Chestnut of Anatolia (Castanea sativa Mill.) woods were used. In the test, the thermal conductivity of the woods was measured according to procedure of ASTM C 1113-99 standards. The lowest thermal conductivity was obtained in the perpendicular direction of Scots pine samples as 0.156 Kcal/mh°C. The highest thermal conductivity was obtained from perpendicular direction of samples in Oriental beech as 0.331 Kcal/mh°C.

https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/download/BioRes_06_3_2757_Yapici_OEK_Effect_Grain_Angle_Therm_Conduc_Wood_Species/1035

The effect of grain angle and species on thermal conductivity of some selected wood species

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of impregnation chemicals on the combustion properties of 3-ply laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made of Oak (Quercus petraea subsp. Iberica) and Poplar (Populus tremula L.). For this purpose, oak wood was used as the outer ply and poplar used for the core ply in LVL. Borax (BX), boric acid (BA), borax+boric acid (BX+BA), and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) were used as impregnation chemicals, and urea formaldehyde (UF), phenol formaldehyde (PF), and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives as bonding agent were used to produce LVLs. The vacuum – pressure method was used for the impregnation process. The combustion test was performed according to the procedure defined in the ASTM–E 69 standards, and during the test the mass reduction, temperature, and released gas (CO, O2) were determined for each 30 seconds. As a result, di-ammonium phosphate was found to be the most successful fire retardant chemical in LVL with MUF adhesive. LVL produced from a combination of oak and poplar veneers with MUF adhesive and impregnated with DAP can be recommended to be used as a fire resistant building material where required.

https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/viewFile/BioRes_05_1_0070_SahinKol_OKK_Impreg_Chemicals_Combusion_Veneer/488

Effects of some impregnation chemicals on combustion characteristics of laminated veneer lumber (lvl) produced with oak and poplar veneers

Composite materials manufactured from wood with different adhesives are being used increasingly in the construction of furniture frames and buildings. In this study, it is aimed to describe the effects of adhesives (PVAc, VTKA and UF) on white oak cut tangentially and radially impregnated with Protim WR 230, CCA, and Celcure AC 500 and exposed to humid-water-heat resistance and heating and cooling tests. Impregnation chemicals have decreased the bonding strength, and control samples gave higher bonding strength value. According to the control samples, it can be said that humid-resistance test, water-resistance test, heat-resistance test have decreased the bonding strength. As a result of the tests, white oak cut tangentially and impregnated with Protim WR 230 and bonded with VTKA adhesive can be used as a material in damp condition where the strength is required.

Bonding strength of oak with different adhesives after humid-water-heat tests

This study aims to describe the effects of wood material (oriental beech) impregnated with ammonium sulfate, borax, boric acid, and zinc chloride by using two different methods (pressure and dipping) and finishes with the effects of different varnishes (polyurethane, cellulosic, synthetic) and paints (cellulosic, synthetic, industrial) on thermal conductivity. These materials were used as fire retardants. The lowest thermal conductivity of 0.143 kcal/m h°C was obtained in oriental beech control samples. The highest thermal conductivity of 0.172 kcal/m h°C was obtained in oriental beech impregnated with ammonium sulfate by using pressure and varnished with synthetic varnish. Consequently, wood impregnated with ammonium sulfate by using pressure and finished with synthetic varnish can be used as a construction material where thermal conductivity is required. Wood impregnated with borax by dipping and finished with cellulosic varnish can be used as a construction material where the insulation is required.

Thermal conductivity of oriental beech impregnated with fire retardant

In this study it is aimed to describe the effects of adhesives (PVAc- Desmodur VTKA and Urea formaldehyde) on wooden materials (Scotch pine and oriental beech) cut tangentially and radially impregnated with Tanalith-C, creosote, and sodium silicate in layer (3, 4, 5) of laminated veneer lumber (LVLs) on thermal conductivity. The lowest thermal conductivity of 0.103 Kcal/mh°C was obtained in Scotch pine, cut tangentially, impregnated with creosote, bonded with urea formaldehyde, and 3 layer LVL. The highest thermal conductivity of 0.185 Kcal/mh°C was obtained in oriental beech, cut radially, impregnated with Tanalith-C, bonded with PVAc, and 5 layers LVL. Consequently, oriental beech wood cut radially and impregnated with Tanalith-C, bonded with PVAc adhesive and 5 layers in LVL can be used as a material in construction where the thermal conductivity is required. Scotch pine wood cut tangentially and impregnated with creosote, bonded with urea formaldehyde adhesive and 3 layers in LVL can be used as a material in construction where the insulation is required.

https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/download/BioRes_04_2_0756_Uysal_KO_Thermal_Cond_Laminated_Veneer/376

Thermal conductivity of laminated veneer lumbers bonded with various adhesives and impregnated with various chemicals

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