Arsenic induced toxicity and histopathological changes in gill and liver tissue of freshwater fish, tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus).

Purpose
Different treatment modalities have been utilized to treat unicameral bone cyst (UBC), but evidence has not been fully described to support one treatment over another and the optimal treatment is controversial. The aim of this quantitative systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of different UBC treatment modalities.

/pdf/treatment-of-unicameral-bone-cyst-systematic-review-and-meta-1zcoitsiho.pdf

Treatment of unicameral bone cyst: systematic review and meta analysis

Effects of glyphosate on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Transcriptional and enzymatic analyses of antioxidant defence system, histopathological liver damage and swimming performance

Global warming and indiscriminate usages of pesticides are notable concern to all. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the effects of high temperature on acute toxicity of sumithion in adult zebrafish. A 2-day renewal bioassay system was used to determine the 96 h LC50 value of sumithion at three temperature regimes, such as 25 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C. Blood glucose (mg/dL) level was measured in control (0.0 mg/L) and low concentration (1.0 mg/L) of sumithion during the determination of LC50 in three temperature conditions. In addition, micronucleus (MN), erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA), and erythrocytic cellular abnormalities (ECA) tests were performed in the blood erythrocytes. The 96 h LC50 value of sumithion for zebrafish was significantly lower at 35 °C, which indicates that the toxicity of sumithion increases at higher temperature. Blood glucose level was significantly increased by sumithion in all temperature conditions, while it was significantly higher in the highest (35 °C) temperature compared to the lowest (25 °C) temperature in both control and sumithion-treated fish. Similarly, frequencies of MN, ENA, and ECA were elevated by sumithion in all temperature conditions, whereas it was significantly raised in the highest (35 °C) temperature compared to the lowest (25 °C) temperature in both control and sumithion treated fish. With increasing temperature in exposure to sumithion, dissolved oxygen decreased significantly, whereas free CO2 increased significantly. On the other hand, no distinct changes were observed in pH and total alkalinity during the experimental period. Therefore, it can be inferred that increasing temperature enhances the toxicity of sumithion in the zebrafish.

Increase in water temperature increases acute toxicity of sumithion causing nuclear and cellular abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of zebrafish Danio rerio

Paraquat dichloride is a broad-spectrum herbicide used worldwide. It is very fast acting and used to kill a wide range of grasses and broad-leaved weeds. Paraquat dichloride gets run off to aquatic water bodies, and its presence has been reported by various researchers, where its effect is certain on aquatic organisms. Fish are vulnerable to aquatic pollutants as they are in direct contact with their environment. Therefore, our study was designed to evaluate the effects of herbicide paraquat dichloride on histology of vital organs (gills, liver, and kidney) of the fresh water fish Channa punctatus (Bloch). Toxicity effects are evaluated under static renewal test conditions, and histological alterations were detected microscopically. Fish were exposed to acute dose (96hLC50/2 = 32.93 mg/L) for 96 h of paraquat dichloride. Simultaneous control was also maintained. Principal histopathological alterations in gills during acute exposure showed curling of secondary lamellae, aneurysm, gill bridging, and enlargement of the cartilaginous core. The tissue damages like melanomacrophage centers, pyknotic nucleus, large sinusoidal congestion, and cell fusion are some histological alterations observed in the liver after acute exposure. The changes in histoarchitecture observed in the kidney include an increase in Bowman’s space, necrosis of glomeruli, and damage to collecting duct at acute exposure. The histopathological changes were more prominent with the duration of exposure in the experimental groups. The present study demonstrated that the vital organs exhibited significant damage, among all gill histology specifically got altered being directly exposed to paraquat dichloride. Paraquat dichloride exposure affects the histology of gills, liver, and kidney, thus impairing the vital functions like respiration, excretion, and metabolic regulation which in turn will affect the fish health and is a serious threat. Histopathological alteration in gills, liver, and kidney can be regarded as sensitive biomarkers of paraquat dichloride toxicological manifestations and thus can be utilized for ecotoxicological biomonitoring of aquatic bodies.

Toxicological impacts of herbicide paraquat dichloride on histological profile (gills, liver, and kidney) of freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch)

Histopathological changes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after exposure to sublethal composite nitrogen fertilizers

An eighteen month old female Doberman pinscher dog was referred to teaching hospital of Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine with the complaint of right forelimb lameness for a month. On the basis of clinical, radiographical, scintigraphical, computed tomographical and histopathological findings, aneurysmal bone cyst was diagnosed. Surgical curettage and bone cement treatment were applied. The patient recovered after 12 months. This case proves that aneurysmal bone cyst, without osteolysis and/or damages to the surrounding tissues, may result in a good prognosis if curettage and treatment with bone cement are done.

Bone cement treatment for aneurysmal bone cyst in a dog.

Purpose: To investigate the potential effects of chronic exposure to a nasal decongestant and its excipients on ocular tissues using an experimental rat model. Methods: Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomized into six groups. The first two groups were control (serum physiologic) and Otrivine® groups. The remaining four groups received the Otrivine excipients xylometazoline, benzalkonium chloride, sorbitol, and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid. Medications were applied into both nostrils twice a day for 8 weeks. Before the rats were sacrificed, epithelial staining, the Schirmer test, and intraocular pressure measurements were performed under ketamine/xylasine anesthesia (50 and 5 mg/kg, respectively). Results: Epithelial defects and dry eye were common findings in all study groups. Cataracts developed in two cases clinically. Histopathological evaluation revealed many different pathological alterations in all parts of the ocular tissues such as corneal edema, polypoid proliferation and hyalinization of the vessel wall, cystic formation of the lens, retinal nerve fiber layer degeneration, and corpora amylacea formation of the lacrimal gland. Conclusions: Prolonged usage of the nasal decongestant xylometazoline and its excipients may cause ophthalmic problems such as dry eyes, corneal edema, cataracts, retinal nerve fiber layer, and vascular damage in rats. Although these results were obtained from experimental animals, ophthalmologists should keep in mind the potential ophthalmic adverse effects of this medicine and/or its excipients and exercise caution with drugs containing xylometazoline, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, benzalkonium chloride and sorbitol for patients with underlying ocular problems.

Ophthalmic adverse effects of nasal decongestants on an experimental rat model.

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Histopathological changes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after exposure to sublethal composite nitrogen fertilizers

Bone cement treatment for aneurysmal bone cyst in a dog.

Ophthalmic adverse effects of nasal decongestants on an experimental rat model.