Ground Beetles (Carabidae) of Fennoscandia: a Zoogeographic Study

The tiger beetle fauna of the Balkan Peninsula is one of the richest in Europe and includes 19 species or 41% of the European tiger beetle fauna. Assembled by their biogeographical origins, the Balkan tiger beetle species fall into 14 different groups that include, Mediterranean, Middle Oriental, Central Asiatic, Euro-Siberian, South and East European, Pannonian-Sarmatian, West Palaearctic, Turano-European and Afrotropico Indo-Mediterranean species. The Mediterranean Sclerophyl and the Pontian Steppe are the Balkan biogeographical provinces with the highest species richness, while the Balkan Highlands has the lowest Cicindelidae diversity. Most species are restricted to single habitat types in lowland areas of the Balkan Peninsula and only Calomera aulica aulica and Calomera littoralis nemoralis occur in respectively 3 and 4 different types of habitat. About 60% of all Balkan Cicindelidae species are found in habitats potentially endangered by human activity.

http://invertebrates.uni.lodz.pl/wp-content/themes/kzbih/pdf/Jaskula%202011%20-%20How%20unique.pdf

How unique is the tiger beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) of the Balkan Peninsula?

The present biogeographic distribution of tiger beetle fauna is an attempt to register all modern taxa from Pakistan. It includes 55 taxa under 14 genera and 11 subgenera. Three species, Cylindera (Eriodera) albopunctata (Chaudoir 1852), Cicindela viridilabris (Chaudoir 1852) and Neocollyris (Neocollyris) redtenbacheri (Horn 1894) are recorded from Pakistan for the first time.

https://bioone.org/journals/Journal-of-Insect-Science/volume-10/issue-116/031.010.11601/Faunistics-of-Tiger-Beetles-Coleoptera-Cicindelidae-from-Pakistan/10.1673/031.010.11601.pdf

Faunistics of tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from Pakistan.

Background. Calomera littoralis is a Palearctic species, widely distributed in Europe; inhabiting predominantly its Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea coastlines.

Methods. Its phylogeography on the Balkan Peninsula and on the north-western Black Sea coast was inferred using a 697 bp long portion of the mitochondrial COI gene, amplified from 169 individuals collected on 43 localities.

Results. The results revealed two genetically divergent groups/lineages, the southern one inhabiting both the Balkan Peninsula and the Pontic Region and the northern one found exclusively in the Pontic Region. Species delimitation based on DNA barcoding gap suggested an interspecific level of divergence between these groups. Multivariate analysis of eight male and female morphometric traits detected no difference between the groups, implying they may represent cryptic species. The Bayesian time-calibrated reconstruction of phylogeny suggested that the lineages diverged ca. 2.3 Ma, in early Pleistocene.

Discussion. The presence of the two genetically divergent groups results most likely from contemporary isolation of the Pontic basin from the Mediterranean that broke the continuous strip of coastal habitats inhabited by C. littoralis. Demographic analyses indicated that both lineages have been in demographic and spatial expansion since ca. 0.15 Ma. It coincides with the terminal stage of MIS-6, i.e., Wartanian/Saalian glaciation, and beginning of MIS-5e, i.e., Eemian interglacial, during which, due to eustatic sea level rise, a wide connection between Mediterranean and the Pontic basin was re-established. This, along with re-appearance of coastal habitats could initiate north-east expansion of the southern lineage and its secondary contact with the northern one. The isolation of the Pontic basin from the Mediterranean during the Weichselian glaciation most likely did not have any effect on their phylogeography.

Pleistocene phylogeography and cryptic diversity of a tiger beetle, Calomera littoralis, in North-Eastern Mediterranean and Pontic regions inferred from mitochondrial COI gene sequences.

Based on the literature and new faunistic records, the diversity and distribution of the tiger beetles in Tunisia are summarized and discussed. In total, 15 species (one with two subspecies) are reported from the country. However, the occurrence of Cicindela maroccana maroccana is questionable, and should be confirmed by newer data. Checklists of tiger beetles are also provided for each Tunisian governorate. The highest diversity was recorded in the region adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea coastline. The area is mainly up to 100 m a.s.l. with salt marshes, strands of sandy sea beaches and river banks as main types of habitats occupied by Cicindelinae (14 species or 94 % of tiger beetle fauna). Mountainous and desert regions are characterized by much lower diversity (six species or 38% of fauna and two species or 13% of fauna, respectively). Cicindelinae occurring in these areas inhabit predominantly river banks and oases. In chorotype classification, Tunisian tiger beetles fall into six different groups i...

https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-23/issue-2/003.023.0217/Tiger-Beetles-Coleoptera--Carabidae--Cicindelinae-of-Tunisia/10.4001/003.023.0217.pdf

Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) of Tunisia: Distribution, Phenology, Taxa List and New Records

The present list is the first attempt to register all modern taxa of tiger beetles distributed to the whole territory of Turkey. A complete list of known Turkish Cicindelidae is given. It includes 2 tribes, 8 genera, and 46 taxa (including subspecies). Nominative subgenera or subspecies are not mentioned, if they do not occur in Turkey. Each name of a genus, species or subspecies is accompanied by the author's name and the description's date. Each name of species and subspecies is accompanied by a number of abbreviations divided in two sections indicating the names of countries (or territories) and the names of the Turkish provinces inhabited by the taxon. Geographical notes are also given. The list of used literature includes mostly contemporary publications.

/pdf/check-list-of-the-tiger-beetles-of-turkey-with-a-review-of-2cbjcajdim.pdf

Check-list of the tiger beetles of turkey with a review of distribution and biogeography (coleoptera: cicindelidae)

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Check-list of the tiger beetles of turkey with a review of distribution and biogeography (coleoptera: cicindelidae)