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Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods

Survival rate of different fixed posterior space maintainers used in Paediatric Dentistry - A systematic review.

Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are chronic diseases affecting a large number of populations worldwide. Changed bone metabolism is one of the important long-term complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Alveolar bone loss is one of the main outcomes of periodontitis, and diabetes is among the primary risk factors for periodontal disease. In this review, we summarise the adverse effects of diabetes on the periodontium in periodontitis subjects, focusing on alveolar bone loss. Bone remodelling begins with osteoclasts resorbing bone, followed by new bone formation by osteoblasts in the resorption lacunae. Therefore, we discuss the potential mechanism of diabetes-enhanced bone loss in relation to osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

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Diabetes mellitus related bone metabolism and periodontal disease

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease of an autoimmune origin with early manifestation predominantly in the childhood. Its incidence has been rising in most European countries. Diabetes has been intensively studied by all branches of medicine. There were a number of studies investigating oral consequences of diabetes; however, unambiguous conclusions were drawn only for the relationship between diabetes and periodontal impairment. Many studies confirmed higher plaque levels and higher incidence of chronic gingivitis both in adults and in children with diabetes. Juvenile periodontitis is rare both in healthy subjects and in those with type 1 diabetes. Yet certain findings from well-conducted studies, for example, differences in oral microflora or the impact of metabolic control of diabetes on periodontal health, indicate a higher risk of periodontitis in children with type 1 diabetes. As for the association of diabetes and dental caries, the results of the studies are inconsistent. However, it was found that some risk factors for dental caries are either more or less prevalent in the diabetic population. Despite an extensive research in this area we have to acknowledge that many questions have remained unanswered. There is a need for continued, thorough research in this area.

/pdf/periodontal-diseases-and-dental-caries-in-children-with-type-4rofablg11.pdf

Periodontal Diseases and Dental Caries in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

OBJECTIVE To determine the physical properties of several resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs) by means of flexural strength and flexural fatigue testing, and to compare them to conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) and flowable composite resins. METHODS RMGI samples were fabricated according to ISO 4049 standard. Rectangular specimens were produced using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mold with dimensions of 2 x 2 x 25 mm. Flexural strength and flexural fatigue were measured by means of the 3-point bending tests using an Instron universal testing machine at 0.75 mm/min and 0.03 Hz for 100 cycles, respectively. Flexural stress, load, and displacement were recorded for all tests. Data were statistically compared (ANOVA, SNK, p < 0.05). Statistical data analysis for flexural fatigue was achieved through the least frequent events method (failures versus non-failures). The following RMGIs, flowable composites, and GICs were tested: 1) Activa Bioactive-Restorative; 2) Activa Bioactive-Base/Liner; 3) Tetric EvoFlow; 4) Beautifil Flow Plus; 5) Geristore; 6) Fuji Filling LC; 7) Fuji Lining LC; 8) Ketac Nano; 9) Fuji Triage; 10) Ketac Nano; and 11) Vitrebond Plus. RESULTS The flexural strength of Activa-enhanced RMGIs was statistically significantly greater than all other RMGIs and GICs (p < 0.001). The flexural fatigue of Activa-enhanced RMGIs and flowable composites was significantly greater than all other materials (p < 0.00 1). The flexural fatigue of the Activa-enhanced RMGIs was comparable to the two flowable composites tested. CONCLUSION The Activa-enhanced RMGIs demonstrated comparable flexural strength and flexural fatigue to flowable composites. Activa-enhanced RMGIs and flowable composites demonstrated flexural strength and flexural fatigue significantly greater than all other tested materials.

Flexural strength and flexural fatigue properties of resin-modified glass ionomers.

Purpose: The present study is to investigate the effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on dentition and oral health for children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: The investigation was carried out on 100 subjects. The first group consisted of 50 subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (21 females, 29 males), age 9 ± 0.14 years; In the second group, there were 50 healthy subjects who did not suffer from any systemic disease (25 females, 25 males), age 9 ± 0.11 years. The subjects were evaluated and divided into two groups of 5 - 9 years old, and 10 - 14 years old. The dentition of all participants was examined. Besides, the DFS/dfs index, oral hygiene conditions were evaluated, as well as the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and calculus index (CI). The data obtained from each group were compared statistically. Results: When compared to the non-diabetic group, we observed that dental development was accelerated until the age of 10 in the diabetic group, and there was a delay after the age of 10. The edentulous interval was longer in the group with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This was accompanied by a high ratio of gingival inflammation. Gingival inflammation was 69.7% in the group of 5 - 9 year-old, and 83.7% in the group of 10 14 year-old with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Though there was a greater loss of teeth in the group with type 1 diabetes mellitus, there were more caries in the control group. The PI, GI and CI values showed an increase with aging in favor of the group with type 1 diabetes mellitus. There was statistically significant difference in PI, GI and CI between the control and type 1 diabetes mellitus groups for 10 - 14 year-old patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings we obtained showed that type 1 diabetes mellitus plays an important part in the dentition and oral health of children and adolescents.

/pdf/the-influence-of-type-1-diabetes-mellitus-on-dentition-and-w7ed9rdmak.pdf

The influence of type-1 diabetes mellitus on dentition and oral health in children and adolescents.

The aim of this investigation was to compare the tensile strength, microleakage, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) evaluations of SSCs cemented using different adhesive cements on primary molars. Sixty-three extracted primary first molars were used. Tooth preparations were done. Crowns were altered and adapted for investigation purpose, and then cemented using glass ionomer cement (Aqua Meron), resin modified cement (RelyX Luting), and resin cement (Panavia F) on the prepared teeth. Samples were divided into two groups of 30 samples each for tensile strength and microleakage tests. The remaining three samples were used for SEM evaluation. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. The statistical analysis of ANOVA revealed significant differences among the groups for both tensile strength and microleakage tests (p 0.05). This study showed that the higher the retentive force a crown possessed, the lower would be the possibility of microleakage.

/pdf/retentive-force-and-microleakage-of-stainless-steel-crowns-1xbw15bmry.pdf

Retentive force and microleakage of stainless steel crowns cemented with three different luting agents.

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the primary canine and the primary molar relationship in 205 (90 girls and 115 boys) three to six year-old Turkish children with the primary dentition in centric occlusion according to gender and age. In terms of the molar relationship, Class I was represented by 88.29% of all children who agreed to participate in the study, followed by Class II (7.31%), and Class III (4.4%). In terms of the canine relationship, Class I was represented by 87.8% of the sample, followed by Class II (7.8%), and Class III (4.4%). A statistically significant difference was found between age and both the canine and molar relationships (p<0.005), and a positive correlation was confirmed among them. However, the difference and correlation between the gender and the canine and molar relationships were not significant.

Primary canine and molar relationships in centric occlusion in three to six year-old Turkish children: a cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of simple fixed space maintainers bonded by using a flow composite resin (Tetric Flow) to prevent space resulting from early extracted primary teeth. For that reason, 64 fixed space maintainers (34 in the lower jaw and 30 in the upper jaw) were applied to 45 patients. The patients followed up for 12 to 18 months. Survival rate, prevention ability of that space, and whether damage to the abutment teeth occurred were evaluated. Five percent of space maintainers were determined to be unsuccessful at the end of the control period. During this period, loss of space among the abutment teeth was found to be statistically insignificant (P > .05). Finally, it was observed that the use of simple fixed space maintainers was successful due to operator experience and the choosing of favorable patient groups.

Clinical evaluation of simple fixed space maintainers bonded with flow composite resin.

Purpose To evaluate in vitro and in vivo conditions of stainless steel crowns (SSC) cemented using one luting glass-ionomer cement (Aqua Meron) and one luting resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (Vitremer). Methods In the in vitro part of this study, retentive properties of SSCs cemented using Aqua Meron and Vitremer on extracted primary first molars were tested. In addition, two specimens of each group were used to evaluate the tooth hard tissue-cement, within the cement itself, cement-SSC, and tooth hard tissue-cement-SSC under scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the in vivo part of this study, 152 SSCs were placed on the first or second primary molars of 86 children, and cemented using either Aqua Meron or Vitremer. The crowns were examined for retention. In addition, the clinical views of the crowns were recorded with an intraoral camera. Results No significant difference was found between the mean retentive forces of Aqua Meron and Vitremer (P> 0.05). SSCs cemented with Aqua Meron and Vitremer had an average lifespan of 26.44 and 24.07 months respectively. Only one (0.66%) of 152 SSCs was lost from the Aqua Meron group during post-cementation periods. Nineteen of the 152 SSCs (12.5%) had dents or perforations.

Evaluation of stainless steel crowns cemented with glass-ionomer and resin-modified glass-ionomer luting cements.

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