https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/768408.pdf

Mechanical properties of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites

The rapid development of wearable smart devices has contributed to the enormous demands for smart flexible strain sensors. However, to date, the poor stretchability and sensitivity of conventional metals or inorganic semiconductor-based strain sensors have restricted their application in this field to some extent, and hence many efforts have been devoted to find suitable candidates to overcome these limitations. Recently, novel resistive-type electrically conductive polymer composites (ECPCs)-based strain sensors have attracted attention based on their merits of light weight, flexibility, stretchability, and easy processing, thus showing great potential applications in the fields of human movement detection, artificial muscles, human–machine interfaces, soft robotic skin, etc. For ECPCs-based strain sensors, the conductive filler type and the phase morphology design have important influences on the sensing property. Meanwhile, to achieve a successful application toward wearable devices, several imperative features, including a self-healing capability, superhydrophobicity, and good light transmission, need to be considered. The aim of the present review is to critically review the progress of ECPCs-based strain sensors and to foresee their future development.

Electrically conductive polymer composites for smart flexible strain sensors: a critical review

In the present review, the recent progress in describing the intricacies of mechanical and thermal properties of all types of graphene- and modified graphene-based polymer nanocomposites has been comprehensively examined. The effectiveness of microscopy bouquet for the intrinsic characterization of graphene family and their composites was clearly demonstrated in this research. Furthermore, the utility of the dynamic mechanical analysis and thermo-gravimetric analysis employed for thermal characterization that has been reported by various researchers was exhaustively analyzed in this paper. This research primarily focused on the analyses of several good articles concerned with hybrid graphene composites and the synergetic effect of graphene with other nanofiller to assess its effect on the mechanical properties of its corresponding composites. Such systematic analysis of previous literatures imparted a direction to the researchers about the solution of improved interfacial properties as well as the enhanced dispersion into the vicinity of the matrix. This current research has suggested that the presence of the graphene filler even at very low loadings has shown considerable improvement in the overall mechanical properties of graphene. Further studies to optimize the value of the filler need to be addressed in order to gain complete understanding of the properties of graphene. The potential applications, current challenges, and future perspectives pertaining to these nanocomposites were elaborately discussed in the current study with regard to the multi-scale capabilities and promising developments of the graphene-family-based nanocomposites materials.

A review of the mechanical and thermal properties of graphene and its hybrid polymer nanocomposites for structural applications

In this review, recent progress in the mechanical, thermal and interfacial properties of graphene/CNT multiphase polymer composites is examined. Progress in the mechanical and thermal properties of CNT (1D) and graphene (2D) nanostructure materials is also reviewed and compared. Furthermore, this review highlights the improvements in the mechanical, thermal and interfacial properties of two- and three-phase composites, owing to the addition of graphene/CNT. In particular, analysis of several notable papers on hybrid composites (graphene/CNT) provides an intensive review of synergetic effects on the overall properties of the corresponding composites. This holistic review describes an improved interface between fibers and a nanofiller-reinforced matrix. Although the presence of nanofillers even at low loadings confers an overall improvement in composite properties, the exact ratios of individual fillers and combined forms remain to be discussed in depth. Finally, potential applications, current challenges and future perspectives for use of these multiphase composites are discussed with regard to their extraordinary capabilities and promising developments in graphene/CNT family-based composite materials.

Carbon nanotube- and graphene-reinforced multiphase polymeric composites: review on their properties and applications

Smart and novel materials require the replacement of conventional composites with superior ones, which requires an advanced class of composites with multi-functionality. Multi-scale composites are advanced composites that are reinforced with nanoscale materials along with macroscale fibers, and these materials have attracted the attention of researchers as well as various industries. Multi-scale composites have potential applications in almost every field due to their remarkable features like extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and optical properties; extremely high aspect ratios of the nanomaterial constituents; and the uniformity, flexibility, and stability of the fibers. To optimize the performance of these kinds of composites, it is crucial to understand the selection of appropriate reinforcements, processing, and utilization of these advanced materials. Most reviews in this area concentrate only on CNTs, while this review considers other nanomaterials too. Additionally, various methods to improve the dispersion of nanomaterials into the matrix are also discussed. Overall, this article focuses on the components of multi-scale composites, key challenges related to their processing, and the multi-functionality of designed multi-scale composites.

Reinforcements in multi-scale polymer composites: Processing, properties, and applications

It is the first time to report the effects of graphene oxide (GO) coating on the mechanical properties of short glass fiber (SGF) reinforced polymer composites. GO-coated SGF reinforced polyethersulphone (PES) composites are manufactured using extrusion compounding and injection molding techniques. The micro-structures and morphologies of GO and GO-coated SGFs are investigated using scanning electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscope and Fourier transform infrared techniques. Then, the tensile and flexural properties of the GO-coated SGF/PES composites are systematically studied taking into account the effect of GO coating content. It is observed that both the tensile and flexural strengths are effectively enhanced by the GO coating on the SGF surfaces. This observation is mainly attributed to the enhanced interfacial adhesion between SGFs and PES due to the GO coating. Moreover, the tensile and flexural moduli are also improved by the addition of GO due to the fact that GO has a much higher modulus than the PES matrix.

Tensile and flexural properties of graphene oxide coated-short glass fiber reinforced polyethersulfone composites

Synergistic effects of short glass fiber/short carbon fiber hybrids on the mechanical properties of polyethersulfone composites

The present invention discloses a polymer-based electric conduction composite material containing metal nano-wires and graphene oxide, and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of nanometer composite material preparation. The material comprises, by weight, 15-80 parts of metal nano-wires, 0.01-5 parts of graphene oxide, and 15-80 parts of a polymer matrix. According to the present invention, with the addition of the small amount of the flaky non-conductive graphene oxide to the polymer-based composite material containing the metal nano-wires, the agglomeration of the metal nano-wires is effectively prevented, and the subsidence of the metal nano-wires is effectively prevented, such that the dispersion of the metal nano-wires is uniform so as to significantly improve the electric conductivity; and the method is simple and easy-performing, the filler dispersion is uniform, and the prepared composite material has characteristics of high quality and good electric conductivity.

Polymer-based electric conduction material containing metal nano-wires and graphene oxide, and preparation method thereof

Abstract The thermal decomposition behavior of polyacrylate pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) at heating rates of 4, 6, 8, and 10 K·min−1 was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The kinetic parameters for thermal decomposition reaction of the polyacrylate adhesive were obtained from TG profile by differential method and integral method (Kissinger, general integral, MacCallum–Tanner, Šatava–Šesták, Agrawal, and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa), the results show that the main decomposition stage of the polyacrylate adhesive starts at 301°C and its activation energy is 142.68 kJ·mol−1, the pre exponential factor is 109.55, the decomposition mechanism obeys Avrami–Erofeev equation and its decomposition kinetic equation can be expressed as: dα/dT = (109.55/β)[(1 − α)/2][−ln(1 − α)]−1exp(−1.7161 × 104/T). The storage life of PSA at 25°C was predicted to be about 19 years by isoconversional method.

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Thermal decomposition reaction kinetics and storage life prediction of polyacrylate pressure-sensitive adhesive

Significantly enhanced electrical conductivity of silver nanowire/polyurethane composites via graphene oxide as novel dispersant

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