All animals develop in association with complex microbial communities. It is now well established that commensal microbiota is essential for the correct functionality of each organ in the host. Particularly, the commensal gastro-intestinal microbiota (CGIM) is a key factor for development, immunity and nutrient conversion, rendering them bio-available for various uses. Thus, nutritional inputs generate a positive loop in maintaining host health and are essential in shaping the composition of the CGIM communities. Probiotics, which are live exogenous microorganisms, selectively provided to the host, are a promising concept for manipulating the microbiota and thus for increasing the host health status. Nevertheless, most mechanisms induced by probiotics to fortify the immune system are still a matter of debate. Alternatively, prebiotics, which are non-digestible food ingredients, can favor the growth of specific target groups of CGIM. Several metabolites are produced by the CGIM, one of the most important are the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which emerge from the fermentation of complex carbohydrates. SCFAs have been recognized as key players in triggering beneficial effects elicited by simple diffusion and by specific receptors present, thus, far only in epithelial cells of higher vertebrates at different gastro-intestinal locations. However, both strategies have shown to provide resistance against pathogens during periods of high stress. In fish, knowledge about the action of pro- and prebiotics and SCFAs is still limited. Thus, in this review, we briefly summarize the mechanisms described on this topic for higher vertebrates and discuss why many of them may operate in the fish gut representing a model for different mucosal tissues

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8517590/file/8519983.pdf

Selective Manipulation of the Gut Microbiota Improves Immune Status in Vertebrates

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the active components in serum of rats treated with Zuogui Pill

PurposeThe occupational health risk associated with the production of prefabricated concrete components is often overlooked. This paper will use a damage assessment and cyclic mitigation (DACM) model to provide individualized exposure risk assessment and corresponding mitigation management measures for workers who are being exposed.Design/methodology/approachThe DACM model is proposed based on the concept of life cycle assessment (LCA). The model uses Monte-Carlo simulation for uncertainty risk assessment, followed by quantitative damage assessment using disability-adjusted life year (DALY). Lastly, sensitivity analysis is used to identify the parameters with the greatest impact on health risks.FindingsThe results show that the dust concentration is centered around the mean, and the fitting results are close to normal distribution, so the mean value can be used to carry out the calculation of risk. However, calculations using the DACM model revealed that there are still some work areas at risk. DALY damage is most severe in concrete production area. Meanwhile, the inhalation rate (IR), exposure duration (ED), exposure frequency (EF) and average exposure time (AT) showed greater impacts based on the sensitivity analysis.Originality/valueBased on the comparison, the DACM model can determine that the potential occupational health risk of prefabricated concrete component (PC) factory and the risk is less than that of on-site construction. It synthesizes field research and simulation to form the entire assessment process into a case-base system with the depth of the cycle, which allows the model to be continuously adjusted to reduce the occupational health damage caused by production pollution exposure.

Occupational health risk assessment of PC production-caused pollution based on damage assessment and cyclic mitigation model

As2O3 has shown significant anti-gastric cancer effects, but the mechanism is still unclear. Thus, biomacromolecular changes induced by As2O3 were investigated by using human gastric cancer AGS cells as the model. Flow cytometry results confirmed that As2O3 induced AGS cells apoptosis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy detected biomacromolecular changes during As2O3-induced AGS cells apoptosis sensitively: IR spectra showed significant changes in the lipids content and the proteins and DNA structure. Peak-area ratios indicated obvious changes in the lipids and DNA content and the proteins structure, while also showing a relatively good linear relationship between A1733/A969 and the apoptosis rate. PCA exhibited significant alteration in nucleic acids while curve fitting further revealed the changes in nucleic acids and proteins. On the whole, our study explored As2O3-induced gastric cancer cells apoptosis in depth on the basis of analyzing biomacromolecular changes, in addition, it also suggested FTIR microspectroscopy to be possibly useful in the research of apoptosis. 

FTIR microspectroscopic study of gastric cancer AGS cells apoptosis induced by As2O3.

Silicosis is an occupational lung fibrosis caused by the inhalation of dust containing free crystalline silica. Its prevalence can vary in different countries and regions. In the case of Chile, silicosis has been recognized as a significant occupational health problem. The clinical presentation of silicosis largely depends on the intensity and duration of exposure. Initially, there may be no signs or symptoms. The differential diagnosis is mainly performed with pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary metastasis, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and other pneumoconiosis. After confirming the diagnosis, the process of determining the origin of the pathology begins, for which an Occupational History is required to describe occupational exposure to the risk agent (silica) in terms of time, magnitude, and/or intensity sufficient to develop an occupational-related disease. A Chest X-ray using the ILO (International Labour Organization) technique is necessary, classified as category 1 according to the ILO Classification, and should be interpreted by certified readers. The similarity in radiographic readings necessitates a greater emphasis on the differential diagnosis among these conditions. A high- resolution chest computed tomography without contrast and a lung biopsy should be considered in case of comorbidity, if these diagnostic tests are available. Finally, it is suggested that workers diagnosed with silicosis in the early stages should be identified and removed from silica exposure to prevent disability through medical surveillance.

Salud ocupacional: mirada normativa para el diagnóstico de silicosis

In the present paper, lyophilized sera from 31 patients with colorectal cancer, 8 patients with enteritis and 10 healthy controls were measured using Nicolet Nexus-670 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and the spectral features were investigated and comparison among three groups was made. The result showed that (1) there are 11 peaks of absorption in the spectrum of lyophilized sera, the wavenumber of the ninth peak moved to 1 249 cm(-1) in the colorectal cancer group and significant difference was observed with the control group (Z = -2.051, P < 0.05); Five ratios of absorbance were calculated and no significant difference was observed among three groups; (2) spectrum in the region of 1 700-1 000 cm(-1) was analysed with the method of hierarchical cluster analysis and showed only partial success in distinguishing the three groups; (2) spectrum of amide I peptide (1 700-1 600 cm(-1)) was deconvolved to get the percentage composition of protein secondary structures, and no significant difference was observed among three groups. The results provide a preliminary theoretical basic for using FTIR spectrum of lyophilized serum for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Initial research on FTIR spectroscopy of lyophilized serum from colorectal cancer patients

A 49-year-old male who had been working in welding for more than 30 years was admitted to the hospital for a medical checkup that revealed a lung shadow without specific symptoms such as coughing and sputum. Imaging studies showed diffuse ground-glass changes in both lungs, wall cavities with wall nodules, multiple peripheral nodules, and some nodules with calcification. The patient has been engaged in welding work for more than 30 years and exposed to iron dust. Lung tissue biopsy, routine morphological and pathological fluid basis examination of alveolar lavage fluid, can be considered as pulmonary iron particles, which can be regarded as iron dust lung. Acid-fast bacilli were detected in both fibrobronchoscopic brush extract and alveolar lavage fluid acid-fast staining. As the pathological examination revealed granulomatous inflammation showed caseation necrosis, the patient was judged to have concomitant pulmonary TB. After the diagnosis was made, the patient was no longer exposed to dust and was treated with appropriate anti- tuberculosis (TB) therapy. Lung lesions caused by welding have been reported, but the simultaneous finding of siderosis with pulmonary TB is specific to the case presented here. By describing the imaging features, combining different staining methods of alveolar lavage fluid and pathological examination of lung tissue, we showed various morphological manifestations of this case, aiming at improving the morphological diagnosis level of laboratory physicians and enabling patients to be diagnosed and treated early.

/pdf/case-report-application-of-morphology-in-the-diagnosis-of-3bq2sgdv.pdf

Case report: Application of morphology in the diagnosis of siderosis in a patient with tuberculosis infection

In the late stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, there’s an increasing trend in opportunistic infections, including bacterial and fungal infections. This study discusses the treatment process of two cases of cryptococcal meningitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the importance of laboratory testing for these co-infections and stresses the need for vigilance, early diagnosis, and proactive treatment to improve patient outcomes in the post-pandemic era.

pdf/case-report-experience-and-insights-on-the-treatment-of-two-um7bm8n9ju.pdf

Case report: Experience and insights on the treatment of two cases of cryptococcal meningitis during the later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic

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Initial research on FTIR spectroscopy of lyophilized serum from colorectal cancer patients

Case report: Application of morphology in the diagnosis of siderosis in a patient with tuberculosis infection

Case report: Experience and insights on the treatment of two cases of cryptococcal meningitis during the later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic