Recent Developments in BaTiO3 Based Lead-free Materials for Energy Storage Applications

Effect of Sm3+ doping on ferroelectric, energy storage and photoluminescence properties of BaTiO3 ceramics

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) ceramic is a potential dielectric material for the manufacture of high-performance dielectric ceramic capacitors due to its high polarization and environmentally friendly characteristics. In this work, (1–x)(0.70Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–0.30SrTiO3)–xBi(Ni0.5Hf0.5)O3 (NBST–xBNH) ceramics have been prepared based on the strategy of refining grain size and inducing polar nano-regions (PNRs). As a result, the NBST–0.15BNH ceramic achieved large energy density and efficiency (Wrec = 4.11 J/cm3, η = 82.1%) at a low electric field of 240 kV/cm. This performance is outstanding compared to existing reports at similar breakdown electric fields. The introduction of Sr2+ enabled the NBST to have a high relaxation property, and the introduction of BNH induced PNRs, which ensured the high energy storage efficiency of the ceramics. BNH doping refined grain size, which contributed to the large breakdown electric field strength of the ceramics. In addition, stability tests showed that the NBST–0.15BNH ceramic had excellent thermal and frequency stability. The ceramic also demonstrated a fast discharge rate (t0.9 = 148 ns) in the charge-discharge test. 

High energy storage density obtained by Bi(Ni0.5Hf0.5)O3-modified NBT-based ceramic at a low electric field

Boosting energy-storage efficiency and thermal stability via defect dipoles in BaTiO3-based lead-free ceramics

Tuning structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of BTO-based ceramics through dual-site substitution

Structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3–Bi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3 lead-free ceramics with remarkable energy storage performance under low electric fields

The environment-friendly synthesis and property modulation of two-dimensional organic-inorganic halide perovskite (2D OHP) single crystals with large sizes and high quality are important for the fabrication of optoelectric devices. In this work, plate-like and centimeter-size (BA)2Pb(BrxI1-x)4 (BA = n-butylammonium, x: 0-1) single crystals with high crystallinity were synthesized via the cooling crystallization method in a mixed HX (X: I, Br) acid aqueous solution. The synthesized samples were single-phase with homogenously distributed Br and I ions. The lattice structure and bandgap of (BA)2Pb(BrxI1-x)4 were both finely tuned through halide alloying. Pure photoluminescence with unitary wavelength was obtained in the mixed-halide samples compared to those of monohalides (BA)2PbI4 and (BA)2PbBr4. This is attributed to the structural homogeneity of the alloyed crystals. Moreover, the prepared (BA)2Pb(BrxI1-x)4 samples showed higher photo and thermal stability for a long duration even with ion migration. This study will be an important reference for the fabrication and property modulation of 2D OHP-based light-emitting and other optoelectric devices. 

Synthesis of centimeter-size two-dimensional hybrid perovskite single crystals with tunable, pure, and stable luminescence

High-performance UV light detector using layered perovskites and textured silicon heterojunction

We propose a new AlN crystal growth method using Fe-based fluxes. AlN single crystals with a thickness of 67–212 µm were epitaxially grown on an AlN bulk substrate by a solution growth method using type 430 ferritic stainless steel flux. The full width at half maximum values of the x-ray rocking curves of (0002) and (10–12) of the synthesized AlN were 137 and 83 arcsec, respectively. The impurity concentrations of carbon were significantly decreased from 3 × 1019 atoms/cm3 in seed crystal to 6 × 1017 atoms/cm3 in synthesized crystal. The features of the method developed in this study are described as follows: (1) steel-based alloys are used as a flux, which are readily available and low-cost; (2) the growth temperature is 1700 °C, which is much lower than that of the sublimation method; (3) no high-pressure vessel is required because growth can be performed under 1 atmospheric pressure conditions; and (4) waste gas detoxification equipment is not required because only N2 gas is used and no toxic or flammable gases are used. Because of the above features (1) through (4), this is an effective crystal growth process from the perspective of ensuring the economics and safety of the facility. 

Synthesis of AlN single crystal by solution growth method using type 430 ferritic stainless steel flux

Two-dimensional metal halide perovskites (2D MHPs) are promising candidates for ultraviolet (UV) light detection due to their narrow band gap and high stability in the air atmosphere. MHP crystals, with fewer defects and grain boundaries than polycrystalline films, are more suitable for photodetectors and other advanced semiconductor devices. In this paper, aimed to fabricate high-performance UV light detector, a series of high-quality and large-sized 2D perovskite crystals with the composition of (BA)2Pb(ClxBr1-x)4 were prepared and the best UV responsibility was found in the (BA)2Pb(Cl0.1Br0.9)4 crystal. Despite the detector was fabricated by the simple silver brushing method, it exhibits high responsivity of 3.19 mA/W, high detection rate of 3.87 × 1011 Jones, and fast response speed to UV light of 340 nm under the bias of 20 V. Moreover, the detector shows remarkable light sensitivity even under extremely weak UV illumination of 5.4 μW/cm2 and satisfactory stability during a long-duration switching operation. The excellent light response performance of the (BA)2Pb(Cl0.1Br0.9)4 detector was ascribed to the very low dark current (0.84 pA) of the detector, which highly relies on the crystal quality of the light-absorbing perovskites. The relationship between the structural and the compositional characteristics of (BA)2Pb(Cl0.1Br0.9)4 and its light response property was analyzed. This work provides a promising candidate material for sensitive UV detection and high-performance photodetectors. 

Two-dimensional hybrid perovskite crystals for highly sensitive and stable UV light detector

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