Soil salinization processes have increased over the years and affect large parts of agricultural fields. The purpose of this review was to highlight the most important aspects regarding the potential effects of soil salinity on plants. In the current context of climate change, extreme weather and increased drought periods can lead to plant metabolic dysfunctionalities and accumulation of salt ions because of the increasing need for irrigation. The most important limiting factor, salinity, has a highly negative impact on plant growth independent of the appearance of either natural or anthropic status. The negative aspects include decreased leaf development rate, a low water level in all parts of the plant, reduced cell division and elongation, and low-intensity photosynthetic rate. Other negative aspects are directly related to stomata closure, reduced transpiration, low CO2 level, and limitations on seed germination. However, there are also some positive aspects to the presence of salinity in soil. The field offers unlimited possibilities of research in order to activate pathways that help plants become resistant to salt stress. Several physiological parameters can benefit from low salt concentration (halopriming), such as germination, vigor, rapid seedling growth, and increased stomata number. Further studies should focus on both the positive and negative aspects of the increase in soil salinity.

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/3/734/pdf?version=1679485121

Exploring the Research Challenges and Perspectives in Ecophysiology of Plants Affected by Salinity Stress

Role of ACC deaminase-producing rhizobacteria in alleviation of water stress in watermelon

Currently, many techniques to alleviate the negative effects of water stress, specifically drought, on plants are frequently the subject of research. In this study, the effects of two different plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) species isolated from arid and semiarid areas whose activities under water stress were determined in a preliminary study on several physiological properties and nutrient uptake of watermelons grafted onto different rootstocks were investigated under deficit irrigation. In this study, the performance of two PGPRs (B1: Paenarthrobacter aurescens and B2: Pseudarthrobacter polychromogenes) inoculated into ungrafted watermelon (R0 (Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum and Nakai cv. Crimson Tide, CT)) and grafted watermelons (R1: CT grafted onto citron watermelon rootstock (Citrullus lanatus var. Citroides) and R2: CT grafted onto the hybrid rootstock TZ-148 (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)) were studied under different irrigation levels. Severe water stress negatively affected the physiological characteristics, such as stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis efficiency (QPSII), of watermelon plants. Moreover, the contents of leaf mineral nutrients such as N, P, and K decreased significantly with increasing water stress. On the other hand, rootstocks improved the performance of sweet watermelon in terms of macronutrients such as N, K, and Mg and micronutrients such as Fe and Cu. Moreover, the drought-tolerant rootstocks (R1 and R2) used in this study protected watermelon plants against the negative effects of water stress by reducing gs compared to that of ungrafted plants. Moreover, although rhizobacteria did not have a significant effect on the gs, QPSII, or leaf water potential (LWP) of watermelon, they enhanced the uptake of minerals such as macro- and micronutrients from the soil by plants. Under full irrigation and particularly deficit irrigation, P. polychromogenes (B2) increased the contents of macronutrients such as Mg and K, while P. aurescens (B1) increased the contents of micronutrients such as Fe, Cu, Mn, and B in watermelons. Our results revealed that these two rhizobacterial species, which were isolated from arid and semiarid areas, contribute to the nutrient uptake of watermelon plants grown under water stress. 

Effects of Newly Isolated Rhizobacteria on the Physiological Characteristics and Nutrient Uptake of Watermelon Plants Grafted onto Different Rootstocks Under Water Stress

Botanicals as Phyto-nematicides Against Root-knot Disease Caused by the Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) via Promoting growth, Yield, and Biochemical Performance of Cabbage Crop

Seed priming with cold plasma, iron, and manganese nanoparticles modulates salinity stress in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by improving germination, growth, and biochemical attributes

Effects of Different Levels of Water Salinity on Plant Growth, Biochemical Content, and Photosynthetic Activity in Cabbage Seedling Under Water-Deficit Conditions

Pepper is an important variety of vegetable that has economic value in human nutrition in Turkey and in the world. Continuous changes in producer and consumer demands also create a competitive environment in pepper breeding. Green pepper cultivation is generally carried out in greenhouse cultivation, and its cultivation has become widespread in open field conditions. In the study, 8 F1 (G12, G11, K42, B25, L9, Z22, G14 and L10) pepper varieties with superior characteristics were used as plant material. Some plant, leaf and fruit characteristics as well as yield and quality parameters were examined. As a result of the principal components analysis (PCA) made using theese measurements and observations, the study was explained variations in 6 components at a high rate of 97.94%. G11 and G12 cultivar candidates are located in the positive region of both components in the Score plot graph drawn from the first two components which means that these two candidates showed the highest performance among those evaluated ones. These cultivar candidates showed superior characteristics in terms of yield, fruit weight, fruit width, TTS, pH, L and b parameters. It is thought that these cultivar candidates can be grown in open land conditions having semi-arid climates such as Konya and will contribute to the country's agriculture production.

/pdf/determination-of-yield-quality-and-morphological-2m3ghiy6.pdf

Determination of Yield, Quality and Morphological Characteristics of Different Hybrid Pepper Cultivar Candidates in Konya Ecological Conditions

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Effects of Different Levels of Water Salinity on Plant Growth, Biochemical Content, and Photosynthetic Activity in Cabbage Seedling Under Water-Deficit Conditions

Determination of Yield, Quality and Morphological Characteristics of Different Hybrid Pepper Cultivar Candidates in Konya Ecological Conditions