Concrete is a material that is widely used in the construction market due to its availability and cost, although it is prone to fracture formation. Therefore, there has been a surge in interest in self-healing materials, particularly self-healing capabilities in green and sustainable concrete materials, with a focus on different techniques offered by dozens of researchers worldwide in the last two decades. However, it is difficult to choose the most effective approach because each research institute employs its own test techniques to assess healing efficiency. Self-healing concrete (SHC) has the capacity to heal and lowers the requirement to locate and repair internal damage (e.g., cracks) without the need for external intervention. This limits reinforcement corrosion and concrete deterioration, as well as lowering costs and increasing durability. Given the merits of SHCs, this article presents a thorough review on the subject, considering the strategies, influential factors, mechanisms, and efficiency of self-healing. This literature review also provides critical synopses on the properties, performance, and evaluation of the self-healing efficiency of SHC composites. In addition, we review trends of development in research toward a broad understanding of the potential application of SHC as a superior concrete candidate and a turning point for developing sustainable and durable concrete composites for modern construction today. Further, it can be imagined that SHC will enable builders to construct buildings without fear of damage or extensive maintenance. Based on this comprehensive review, it is evident that SHC is a truly interdisciplinary hotspot research topic integrating chemistry, microbiology, civil engineering, material science, etc. Furthermore, limitations and future prospects of SHC, as well as the hotspot research topics for future investigations, are also successfully highlighted.

/pdf/self-healing-concrete-as-a-prospective-construction-material-2d58hyl1.pdf

Self-Healing Concrete as a Prospective Construction Material: A Review

During the last decades, extensive research has been carried out on using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material in the production of hot recycled mix asphalt. Unfortunately, the aged, stiff, and brittle binder in the RAP typically increases the mixture stiffness and can therefore cause fatigue and low-temperature damages. In the scientific literature, there are many studies concerning the aging and rejuvenation of bitumen, but there is a lack of up-to-date reviews that bring them together, especially those facing the phenomena from a chemical point of view. In this paper, a recap of the chemical aspects of virgin, aged, and rejuvenated bitumen is proposed in order to provide a useful summary of the state of the art, with the aim of both encouraging the use of an increasing quantity of RAP in hot mix asphalt and trying to give indications for further research.

/pdf/a-review-on-bitumen-aging-and-rejuvenation-chemistry-278avhdja9.pdf

A Review on Bitumen Aging and Rejuvenation Chemistry: Processes, Materials and Analyses

The utilization of the waste clay brick powder (CBP) as an alternative binder in cementitious materials is an effective approach to recycling clay brick waste. Many research articles have been published on concrete containing CBP, but a systematic review on the performance of CBP and its blended concrete has been lacking until now. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the utilization of CBP for low-carbon cement concrete and alkali-activated concrete, offering readers an effective pathway to understand its performance. This review article provides a detailed introduction on the preparation technology of CBP, as well as the micro-macro properties of cement concrete and alkali-activated concrete incorporating CBP. The results showed that CBP with irregular micro-structure is rich in silicon, aluminum, and oxygen elements, and exhibits good pozzolanic activity and micro-aggregate filling effect. Optimizing CBP particle size, replacement rate and curing condition can prepare the cement concrete with good micro-macro properties. Besides, there is an optimal CBP replacement rate, alkali concentration, Na/Si and Si/Al molar ratios for the alkali-activated concrete containing CBP. The mix of CBP in concrete obviously reduces the CO2 emission and energy consumption, showing an excellent environmental benefit. The mechanical activation treatment, active admixture and nano-particle modification can improve the properties of CBP blended concrete. In the future, CBP can be widely used in 3D printed concrete, high performance and ultra-high-performance concrete, lightweight concrete, fully recycled concrete and CO2 sequestration concrete. 

Reusing waste clay brick powder for low-carbon cement concrete and alkali-activated concrete: A critical review

Bitumen improvement with bio-oil and natural or organomodified montmorillonite: Structure, rheology, and adhesion of composite asphalt binders

As demand for cement-based products increases worldwide, more and more of our planet's finite natural resources are being consumed, creating more and more construction waste. Concerned about the depletion of reserves, the loss of green forests, and the accumulation of waste that poses a threat to the environment, researchers have looked at the possibilities of using renewable resources as cement substitutes. One possible solution to the environmental pollution engendered by construction and demolition waste (CDW) from clay brick, sanitary ware, and concrete is to use them as binders in concrete. This review focuses on one specific use of cementitious materials: the powder made from clay brick, sanitary ware, and concrete waste. Based on the findings of several studies, the physical and chemical features of recycled powder from clay brick, sanitary ware, and concrete debris are discussed. The results of previous tests showed that the use of an appropriate amount of finely ground clay bricks and sanitary ceramics with high silica content enhances the strength and durability of concrete. Regarding the use of recycled powder from concrete, the results showed unsatisfactory mechanical and durability properties. However, with suitable treatment methods, comparable or even higher mechanical properties can be achieved. To maintain a lush green environment and create a clean environment for the formation of sustainable cities and towns, the majority of researchers support the idea of using waste with high silica content as an alternative binder for the production of concrete products. 

Potential of recycled powder from clay Brick, sanitary Ware, and concrete waste as a cement substitute for Concrete: An overview

Clay bricks are extensively used as building material worldwide. Natural soil deposits are in constant reduction due to the frequent use of clay to manufacture bricks. About 1600 billion bricks are produced annually by the consumption of millions of tons of natural resources. The prime focus of this study is to assess the feasibility of using a composite mixture of waste brick powder (WBP) and waste ceramic powder (WCP) as a replacement for depleting natural resource “clay” in brick manufacturing. Based upon the previous studies, the replacement levels were kept as (4 + 5)%, (8 + 10)%, and (12 + 15)% of WCP and WBP, respectively. The brick specimens were evaluated in terms of compressive strength, modulus of rupture, density, water absorption, efflorescence, apparent porosity, resistance to chemical attack and sulfate attack, and freeze-thaw resistance. The study reveals that about 27% of clay can be replaced with ceramic waste powder and waste brick powder, which can preserve a massive amount of natural clay without compromising the quality of the bricks.

Manufacturing of Clayey Bricks by Synergistic Use of Waste Brick and Ceramic Powders as Partial Replacement of Clay

Manufacturing of high-performance light-weight mortar through addition of biochars of millet and maize

This aim of this research was to enhance the performance of asphalt binder using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and wet mixing. Five asphaltic binder compositions were prepared with varying...

Performance augmentation of asphalt binder with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

This chapter aims to provide information about different aspects of self-healing concrete (SHC). Formation of cracks in concrete is a devastating phenomenon casting billions of dollars to the construction industry each year. SHC is a special type of concrete that possesses the self-capability to heal-up its cracks. In this chapter, different types of cracks that might occur in concrete are described. The need for self-healing to fill the cracks and to protect the structures is also mentioned. Different healing agents, useful for filling of concrete cracks are indicated. The mechanism of self-healing with different agents is presented with detailed illustrations. Nevertheless, SHC is still in research phase and sufficient work needs to be done. However, some of the construction projects involving the use of SHC are mentioned in the chapter.

Applications of self healing nano concretes

In this study, use of glass powder and marble powder as partial replacement of cement in various proportions (5%, 10%, and 15% by weight) in manufacturing of non-load bearing hollow concrete blocks is investigated. The manufactured blocks were evaluated for various characteristics as per ASTM C140/C140M, such as compressive strength, dry density and water absorption. Marble powder is obtained during sawing, cutting, shaping and polishing of marble, and it is normally rendered as solid waste. A huge quantity of discarded glass is dumped in landfills, world over. The mean dry densities of marble powder and glass powder used in this work are 2656.2 kg/m3 and 2547.4 kg/m3, respectively, making them lighter than ordinary cement. The optimum value is found to be 10% replacement of cement (by mass) by the waste materials. It is found that the compressive strength increases by 40% and 18%, dry density decreases by 4% and 5% and water absorption increases by 28% and 36%, if 10% cement is replaced by marble powder and glass powder, respectively. It can be concluded from the results that the non-load bearing hollow concrete blocks with improved compressive strength and light weight can be manufactured by using glass powder and marble powder. Recycling of solid wastes like marble powder and glass powder in concrete is advantageous: It will not only address the waste management issues, but will also result in saving the quantity of cement in concrete, which itself is environmentally hazardous material.

/pdf/green-non-load-bearing-concrete-blocks-incorporating-25u4r3is33.pdf

Green non-load bearing concrete blocks incorporating industrial wastes

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