Asymmetric Impacts of Diurnal Warming on Vegetation Carbon Sequestration of Marshes in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Forest models are instrumental for understanding and projecting the impact of climate change on forests. A considerable number of forest models have been developed in the last decades. However, few systematic and comprehensive model comparisons have been performed in Europe that combine an evaluation of modelled carbon and water fluxes and forest structure. We evaluate 13 widely used, state‐of‐the‐art, stand‐scale forest models against field measurements of forest structure and eddy‐covariance data of carbon and water fluxes over multiple decades across an environmental gradient at nine typical European forest stands. We test the models' performance in three dimensions: accuracy of local predictions (agreement of modelled and observed annual data), realism of environmental responses (agreement of modelled and observed responses of daily gross primary productivity to temperature, radiation and vapour pressure deficit) and general applicability (proportion of European tree species covered). We find that multiple models are available that excel according to our three dimensions of model performance. For the accuracy of local predictions, variables related to forest structure have lower random and systematic errors than annual carbon and water flux variables. Moreover, the multi‐model ensemble mean provided overall more realistic daily productivity responses to environmental drivers across all sites than any single individual model. The general applicability of the models is high, as almost all models are currently able to cover Europe's common tree species. We show that forest models complement each other in their response to environmental drivers and that there are several cases in which individual models outperform the model ensemble. Our framework provides a first step to capturing essential differences between forest models that go beyond the most commonly used accuracy of predictions. Overall, this study provides a point of reference for future model work aimed at predicting climate impacts and supporting climate mitigation and adaptation measures in forests.

/pdf/accuracy-realism-and-general-applicability-of-european-3fv5yugn.pdf

Accuracy, realism and general applicability of European forest models

/pdf/feasibility-of-enhancing-carbon-sequestration-and-stock-5rea2kte.pdf

Feasibility of enhancing carbon sequestration and stock capacity in temperate and boreal European forests via changes to management regimes

Abstract. Regional-level applications of dynamic vegetation models are challenging because they need to accommodate the variation in plant functional
diversity, which requires moving away from broadly defined functional types. Different approaches have been adopted in the last years to incorporate
a trait-based perspective into modeling exercises. A common parametrization strategy involves using trait data to represent functional variation
between individuals while discarding taxonomic identity. However, this strategy ignores the phylogenetic signal of trait variation and cannot be
employed when predictions for specific taxa are needed, such as in applications to inform forest management planning. An alternative strategy
involves adapting the taxonomic resolution of model entities to that of the data source employed for large-scale initialization and estimating
functional parameters from available plant trait databases, adopting diverse solutions for missing data and non-observable parameters. Here we
report the advantages and limitations of this second strategy according to our experience in the development of MEDFATE (version 2.9.3), a novel
cohort-based and trait-enabled model of forest dynamics, for its application over a region in the western Mediterranean Basin. First, 217 taxonomic
entities were defined according to woody species codes of the Spanish National Forest Inventory. While forest inventory records were used to obtain
some empirical parameter estimates, a large proportion of physiological, morphological, and anatomical parameters were matched to measured plant
traits, with estimates extracted from multiple databases and averaged at the required taxonomic level. Estimates for non-observable key parameters
were obtained using meta-modeling and calibration exercises. Missing values were addressed using imputation procedures based on trait covariation,
taxonomic averages or both. The model properly simulated observed historical changes in basal area, with a performance similar to an empirical model
trained for the same region. While strong efforts are still required to parameterize trait-enabled models for multiple taxa, and to incorporate
intra-specific trait variability, estimation procedures such as those presented here can be progressively refined, transferred to other regions or
models and iterated following data source changes by employing automated workflows. We advocate for the adoption of trait-enabled and
population-structured models for regional-level projections of forest function and dynamics.


MEDFATE 2.9.3: a trait-enabled model to simulate Mediterranean forest function and dynamics at regional scales

Simple Summary Oaks (Quercus spp.) are a major component of subtropical and temperate forests in the Northern Hemisphere. There are approximately 464 species, and they are dominant tree species in ecosystems. Oaks have a long history of cultivation in Europe, North America, and other continents. They are also cultivated and distributed in most provinces of China. In this paper, Quercus germplasm resource distribution, ecological adaptability, and utilization are explored. All evidence indicates that oaks have been widely distributed since ancient times and have greater functional value than other species in the Fagaceae family. This review will provide a deeper understanding of oak conservation, development, and utilization in China. Abstract Oaks exhibit unique biological characteristics and high adaptability to complex climatic and soil conditions. They are widely distributed across various regions, spanning 40 degrees latitude and 75 degrees longitude. The total area of oak forest in China is 16.72 million hm2. There are 60 lineages of Quercus in China, including 49 species, seven varieties, and four subgenera. Archaeological data indicate that oaks were already widely distributed in ancient times, and they are dominant trees in vast regions of China’s forests. In addition, the acorn was an important food for ancestral humans, and it has accompanied human civilization since the early Paleolithic. Diverse oak species are widely distributed and have great functional value, such as for greening, carbon sequestration, industrial and medicinal uses, and insect rearing. Long-term deforestation, fire, diseases, and pests have led to a continuous decline in oak resources. This study discusses the Quercus species and their distribution in China, ecological adaptation, and the threats facing the propagation and growth of oaks in a changing world. This will give us a better understanding of Quercus resources, and provide guidance on how to protect and better utilize germplasm resources in China. The breeding of new varieties, pest control, and chemical and molecular research also need to be strengthened in future studies.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/1/76/pdf?version=1674040365

Germplasm Resources of Oaks (Quercus L.) in China: Utilization and Prospects

Simulating tree growth response to climate change in structurally diverse oak and beech forests.

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Simulating tree growth response to climate change in structurally diverse oak and beech forests.