Dogs are the most common pet animals worldwide and perform a range of cultural, social, and economic functions in society. The objective of this study is to investigate, through cross-sectional survey, the distribution, types and prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites affecting dogs in and around Arusha municipality, Tanzania. Faecal samples collected from 241 non-descript, apparent healthy dogs were processed by sedimentation and floatations technique and then examined for protozoan oocyst and helminth eggs. Coprological examination revealed that 59.3% of the dogs excreted helminth eggs in their faeces. Dogs harbouring one-parasite eggs were more common (73.8%) than those harbouring two (12.4%) or three (0.4%). The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that Ancylostoma caninum eggs were by far the most common (57.2%). The other detected worm egg species and their respective frequencies were: Toxocara canis (13.7%), Mesostesphanus spp. (1.66%) and Taenia spp. (0.4%). Protozoan eggs (E. canis) were detected in two samples. The prevalence of helminth eggs was higher in young dogs (puppies) compared to adults (p＜0.05). The prevalence of different species of helminths also varied in different age groups, with Toxocara canis being higher in puppies than in adults (p=0.005). Sex-wise prevalence of helminths was not significant (p＞0.05). The high prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminth parasites of zoonotic potential registered in the dog population from a highly urban area in Arusha indicates a potential risk to human health. Increased awareness of their potential threat to human health coupled with additional research into the zoonotic capacity of Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp. is desirable.

A Survey on Gastro-Intestinal Parasites of Non-Descript Dogs in and Around Arusha Municipality, Tanzania

This study aimed to map the distribution of Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis and the co-distribution with schistosomiasis in Africa. These two major neglected tropical diseases are presumed to be widely distributed in Africa, but currently the level of co-distribution is unclear. A literature search on T. solium taeniosis/cysticercosis was performed to compile all known studies on the presence of T. solium and apparent prevalence of taeniosis and porcine cysticercosis in Africa. Studies were geo-referenced using an online gazetteer. A Bayesian framework was used to combine the epidemiological data on the apparent prevalence with external information on test characteristics to estimate informed district-level prevalence of taeniosis and porcine cysticercosis. Districts with T. solium taeniosis/cysticercosis presence were cross-referenced with the Global Neglected Tropical Diseases Database for schistosomiasis presence. The search strategies identified 141 reports of T. solium in Africa from 1985 to 2014 from a total of 476 districts in 29 countries, 20 with porcine cysticercosis, 22 with human cysticercosis, and 16 with taeniosis, in addition to 2 countries identified from OIE reports. All 31 countries were considered, on national scale, to have co-distribution with schistosomiasis. Presence of both parasites was confirmed in 124 districts in 17 countries. The informed prevalence of taeniosis and porcine cysticercosis were estimated for 14 and 41 districts in 10 and 13 countries, respectively. With the paucity of data, T. solium infection is grossly under-reported and expected to be more widespread than this study suggests. In areas where co-distribution occurs there is a need for increased emphasis on evaluation of integrated intervention approaches for these two helminth infections and allocation of resources for evaluating the extent of adverse effects caused by mass drug administration.

/pdf/taenia-solium-taeniosis-cysticercosis-and-the-co-1h5mvvv8wl.pdf

Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis and the co-distribution with schistosomiasis in Africa.

Comparison of gastrointestinal helminthes in dogs and awareness of zoonotic infection among dog owners in calabar, South Eastern Nigeria

Prevalences of gastrointestinal helminths in different domestic animals were determined for
a period of twenty six years, in order to increase the awareness of the potential serious
problems caused by helminths on livestock. A total of five hundred and thirty nine different
species of domestic animals were necropsied from 1976 to 2001, at the Necropsy Unit of
the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello
University, Zaria, Nigeria. Worms or eggs recovered from these necropsied animals were
used to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths. The prevalences of different
helminths identified are as follows: Spirocerca lupi, 25 (4.64%), Haemonchus contortus,
223 (41.37%), Toxocara canis, 17 (3.13%), Ancylostoma caninum, 24 (4.45%), Ascaris
suum, 39 (7.24%), Taenia solium, 55 (10.20%), Fasciola gigantica, 44 (8.16%), Hebronema
microstoma, 4(0.74%), Oesophagostoma columbianum, 35 (6.49%), Trichostrongylus
colubriformis, 1 (0.19%), Trichuris vulpis, 2 (0.37%), Strogylus equinus, 4 (0.74%),
Parascaris equi, 2 (0.37%), Moniezia expansa, 4 (0.74%), Toxocara cati, 4 (0.74%) and
Paraphistoma cervi, 56 (10.39%). The sheep had the highest prevalence of gastrointestinal
helminths (51.02%). This was followed by the goat with the prevalence of 18.92%, while
the lowest prevalence of 0.56% was obtained from the cat. It was concluded that majority
of animals reared in Zaria were infected by various types of helminths. These data could
serve as basis for comparism with established prevalences of gastrointestinal helminths in
developed countries of the world. Les prevalences des helminthes gastro-intestinaux chez differents animaux domestiques
etaient determinees pendant vingt-six ans, afin d'intensifier la sensibilisation sur les graves
problemes eventuels causes par les helminthes chez le betail. Au total, 539 animaux
domestiques de diverses especes etaient necropsies de 1976 a 2001 au Service de
Necropsie, Departement de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculte de Medecine veterinaire,
Universite Ahmadu Bello, Zaria, Nigeria. Des vers ou des oeufs recueillis de ces animaux
necropsies etaient utilises pour determiner la prevalence des helminthes gastro-intestinaux.
Les prevalences des helminthes identifies etaient comme suit : Spirocerca lupi, 25 (4,64%);
Haemonchus contortus, 223 (41,37%) ; Toxocara canis, 17 (3,13%) ; Ancylostoma caninum,
24 (4, 45%) ; Ascaris suum, 39 (7,24%) ; Taenia solium, 55 (10,20%) ; Fasciola gigantica,
44 (8,16%) ; Hebronema microstoma, 4 (0,74%) ; Oesophagostoma columbianum, 35
(6,49%); Trichostrongylus colubriformis, 1 (0,19%) ; Trichuris vulpis, 2 (0,37%) ; Strongylus
equinus, 4 (0,74%) ; Parascaris equi, 2 (0,37%) ; Moniezia expansa, 4 (0,74%) ;
Toxocara cati, 4 (0,74%) et Paraphistoma cervi, 56 (10,39%). Le mouton avait la plus forte
prevalence d'helminthes gastro-intestinaux (51,02%), suivi par la chevre (18,92%). La plus
faible prevalence etait obtenue chez le chat (0,56%). Il a ete conclu que la majorite des
animaux eleves a Zaria etaient infectes par divers types d'helminthes et que ces donnees
pourraient servir de base de comparaison avec les prevalences averees d'helminthes
gastro-intestinaux dans les pays developpes. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa Vol. 54 (4) 2006: pp. 234-240

Twenty Six Years Retrospective Studies Of The Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Helminths Isolated From Necropsied Animals In Zaria, Nigeria

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Twenty Six Years Retrospective Studies Of The Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Helminths Isolated From Necropsied Animals In Zaria, Nigeria