A GBMO-based PI λ D μ controller for vibration mitigation of seismic-excited structures

The present study aims to design a robust adaptive controller employed in the active tuned mass damper (ATMD) system to overcome undesirable vibrations in multistory buildings under seismic excitations. We propose a novel adaptive type-2 neural-fuzzy controller (AT2NF). All system parameters are taken as unknowns. The MLP neural network is used to extract the Jacobian and estimate the structural model; then, the estimated model is applied to the controller online. To tune the control force applied to the ATMD and achieve the control targets, the controller parameters are adaptively trained using the extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the error back-propagation algorithm. A PID controller is also included in this method to increase the stability and robustness of the adaptive type-2 neural-fuzzy controller against seismic vibrations. An online simple adaptive controller (OSAC) is studied to demonstrate the suggested controller's superiority. The OSAC is based on adaptive control of the implicit reference model. In this proposed method, the EKF is used to tune the controller parameters online as a novel feature. The uncertainty associated with identifying the mechanical properties of structures, such as mass and stiffness, is one of the primary challenges in the real-time control of structures. This paper investigates how both controllers cope with parametric uncertainties under far-field and near-field seismic excitation. According to numerical results, the AT2NF controller outperforms OSAC in minimizing the dynamic responses of the structure during an earthquake and accomplishing control objectives when the structure's characteristics change.

/pdf/response-attenuation-of-a-structure-equipped-with-atmd-under-2k0mbwi0.pdf

Response Attenuation of a Structure Equipped with ATMD under Seismic Excitations Using Methods of Online Simple Adaptive Controller and Online Adaptive Type-2 Neural-Fuzzy Controller

This paper presents a novel adaptive neurochaotic fuzzy control system based on type-2 fuzzy systems to reduce seismic responses in multistory structures with active tuned mass dampers under near-field and far-field earthquakes. In this proposed control system, the whole parameters of the plant are assumed to be completely unknown, the structural model is estimated using a multilayer perceptron neural network, and the system’s Jacobian is extracted. The online estimation model is used, and the controller parameters are adaptively trained using the extended Kalman filter and error back-propagation method. Subsequently, the control force is applied to the active tuned mass damper, and the control objectives are met. The adaptive controller does not require initial settings, and a fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative controller is added to maximize stability and robustness against seismic vibration. A simple adaptive controller optimized by a particle swarm is also presented as an innovation. Comparing the performance of the improved simple adaptive controller and adaptive neurochaotic fuzzy controller, the proposed controllers appear more efficient and accurate. However, the superiority of the novel adaptive neurochaotic fuzzy over the improved simple adaptive controller in reducing maximum displacement, acceleration, drift, and base shear while maintaining acceptable performance under parametric uncertainties and seismic conditions is substantial. 

Online Adaptive Neurochaotic Fuzzy Controller Design to Reduce the Seismic Response of Buildings Equipped with Active Tuned Mass Damper System

The active tuned mass damper (ATMD) is a reliable energy‐dissipating device to effectively protect structures from serious damages due to earthquake excitations. This study proposes the optimal design of sliding sector control (SSC) for the seismic protection of an 11‐story shear building structure equipped with ATMD. First, the SSC controller is optimally designed for the seismic control of the structure subjected to an artificial earthquake. Then, the effectiveness of the optimized SSC (OSSC) is assessed in reducing the seismic responses of the structure subjected to four near‐ and far‐fault earthquake excitations. The efficient performance of the OSSC technique is also validated and compared with that of a number of the control techniques such as linear quadratic regulator (LQR), fuzzy logic control (FLC), proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID), and optimal sliding mode control (OSMC). Comparative results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed OSSC in comparison with those of the other controllers.

Optimization‐based design of sliding sector control for active seismic protection of structures

Civil engineering structures are an integral part of our modern society. Traditionally, these structures are designed to resist static loads. However, they may be subjected to dynamic loads like earthquakes, winds, waves, and traffic. Such loads can cause severe and/or sustained vibratory motion, which can be detrimental to the structure and human occupants. Because of this, safer and more efficient designs are sought out to balance safety issues with the reality of limited resources. Wind-induced vibrations in buildings are of increasing importance as the use of high-strength, lightweight materials, longer floor spans, and more flexible framing systems result in structures that are more prone to vibrations. In tall buildings, wind-induced vibrations may cause annoyance to the occupants (especially in the upper floors), impaired function of instruments, or structural damage. Traditionally, wind-induced response of tall buildings in the along-wind direction is evaluated using some codes and formulas (ASCE 7-05 2006; Eurocode 1 2004; Simiu 2009; Chen 2010). However, these standards provide little guidance for the critical cross-wind and torsional responses. This is due to the fact that the cross-wind and torsional responses result mainly from the aerodynamic pressure fluctuations in the separated shear layers and the wake flow fields, which made it difficult to have an acceptable direct analytical relation to the oncoming velocity fluctuations (Zhou, et al. 2003; Kwon, et al. 2008). In addition, these methods may have some limitations, especially for accounting of surrounding tall buildings. Moreover, responses are restricted to some few modes and the process of evaluating such response depends on much assumption. On the other hand, wind tunnel pressure measurements and finite element modeling (FEM) of the structures are an effective alternative for determining these responses. Wind tunnel tests have been industry wide accepted reliable tools for estimating wind loads on tall buildings. For tall buildings, there are two types of testing: (1) high frequency base balance (HFBB) and (2) high frequency pressure integration (HFPI). Inherent in the HFFB approach is the fact that only the global wind loads at the base of the test model are known. The test results from the HFBB measurements can be analyzed using frequency-domain or time-domain techniques to get the building responses. The frequency domain approach has been dominant over time

/pdf/tall-buildings-under-multidirectional-winds-response-29cwvwklhd.pdf

Tall Buildings Under Multidirectional Winds: Response Prediction and Reduction

This paper numerically and experimentally investigates the control performance of the active mass damper (AMD) systems in a 26-story high-rise building in use. This is the first full-scale application of the AMD system for suppressing the wind-induced vibration of a building structure in Korea. In addition, the AMD system was installed on top of the building already in use, which may be the world\'s first implementation case. In order to simultaneously mitigate the transverse-torsional coupled vibration of the building, two AMD systems were applied. Moreover, the H-infinity control algorithm has been developed to utilize the maximum capacity of the AMD system. From the results of numerical simulation using the wind load obtained from the wind tunnel tests, it was found that the maximum acceleration responses of the building were reduced significantly. Moreover, the control performance of the installed AMD system was examined by carrying out the free and forced vibration tests. The acceleration responses on top of the building in the controlled case measured under strong wind loads were compared with those in the uncontrolled case numerically simulated by using the wind load deduced from the measured data and a structural model of the building. It is demonstrated that the AMD system shows good control performance in reducing the building accelerations.

Numerical and experimental investigation of control performance of active mass damper system to high-rise building in use

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Numerical and experimental investigation of control performance of active mass damper system to high-rise building in use