This publication is a support and resource document for the "National Action Plan for Promotion, Prevention and Early Intervention for Mental Health 2000". It includes indicators, measurement tools and databases relevant to assessing the implementation of the outcomes and strategies identified in the action plan.

Outcomes and indicators, measurement tools, and databases for the National Action Plan for Promotion, Prevention and Early Intervention for Mental Health 2000

Pessimism, worthlessness, anhedonia, and thoughts of death identify DSM-IV major depression in hospitalized, medically ill patients.

TOPIC: It is important to screen postpartum adolescents for depression during routine healthcare visits so that depression can be identified and treated.



PURPOSE: The purpose of the manuscript is to compare available depression screening instruments and to provide guidance to healthcare providers on choice of instrument.



SOURCES USED: Published studies.



CONCLUSIONS: In order to capture the common symptoms of adolescent and postpartum depression, a combination of screening instruments should be used.

A Comparison of Screening Instruments for Depression in Postpartum Adolescents

Demoralisation is a psychological state occurring in stressful life situations where a person feels unable to respond effectively to their circumstances, characterised by feelings of distress, subjective incompetence, helplessness and hopelessness. The period after the birth of a first baby is a time of great changes and disruptions to many aspects of the mother's physical, psychological and social functioning. This can lead to feelings of distress, a sense of incompetence and helplessness. This study aimed to examine: (1) the psychometric properties of the Demoralisation Scale in a community setting; (2) the prevalence of demoralisation symptoms among primiparous women in the community; and (3) factors that are uniquely associated with demoralisation in the early postnatal period. Primiparous women attending community maternal health centres (n = 400) were recruited and administered the study's questionnaires through a telephone interview. The Demoralisation Scale was found to be a reliable and valid tool among women in the community who had recently given birth. Higher levels of demoralisation were independently associated with lower confidence on going home from the hospital after birth, lower rating of mother's self-rated global health, more than 3 h of infant crying and fussing in the last 24 h, and a controlling partner, after symptoms of depression and anxiety, and vulnerable personality characteristics were controlled for. The relevance of demoralisation to postnatal health practitioners in the community is in helping them to better understand women's experiences and to intervene in a way that is more meaningful and less stigmatising to women.

/pdf/early-postnatal-demoralisation-among-primiparous-women-in-2kxhvae65l.pdf

Early postnatal demoralisation among primiparous women in the community: measurement, prevalence and associated factors

Title. Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale – Second Edition: initial validation of the Korean version.

Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to test the validity and reliability of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale – Second Edition in Korean culture.

Background.  Depression is a significant mental health problem in adolescents. The Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale – Second Edition has been shown to be a useful tool to assess depression in adolescents, with extensive research on this measure having been conducted in western cultures. Measures developed in western cultures need to be tested and validated before being used in Asian cultures.

Method.  The participants were a convenience sample of 440 Korean adolescents with a mean age of 13·78 years (sd = 0·95) from grades 7 to 9 in three public middle schools in South Korea. A cross-sectional design was used. Back-translation was used to create the Korean version, with additional testing for cultural meaning and comprehension. The data were collected at the end of 2004.

Results.  Internal consistency reliability for the Korean version of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale – Second Edition was 0·89, with subscale reliability ranging from 0·66 to 0·81. Evidence for criterion-related, convergent and discriminant validity for the Korean version of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale – Second Edition was found. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the 4-factor structure of Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale – Second Edition.

Conclusion.  Our results support the validity and reliability for the Korean version of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale – Second Edition as a measure of depression and suggest that it can be used to screen students and to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive interventions in school settings.

Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale - Second Edition: initial validation of the Korean version.

Depression is a common health problem in the adolescent population. The Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS) is used to measure depression in clinical and community adolescent samples. Although there is available evidence for the reliability and validity of the RADS, there is insufficient documentation of its factor structure. This study examined the factor structure of the RADS in adolescent boys and girls (m-144). Internal consistency reliability ranged from .91 to .94 based on grade level, and was .91 for boys and .93 for girls. Factor analysis resulted in a 5-factor solution. Interpretation of factors were as follows: (a) Factor I--generalized demoralization; (b) Factor II--despondency and worry; (c) Factor III--externalized somatocism; (d) Factor IV--anhedonia; and, (e) Factor V--self-worth.

Factor structure of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale in a sample of school-based adolescents.

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Factor structure of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale in a sample of school-based adolescents.