Demographic change is driving the increasing demand for aged care in New Zealand. This paper examines the changing characteristics of caregivers for the elderly in terms of age, whether born in New Zealand and duration of residence. It also explores whether temporary migrants are becoming a more significant component of the elder care workforce. The current aged-care workforce is predominantly female (92%) and is ageing. Between 2001 and 2013 the median age increased from 45 to 49 years. In the ten years between 1991 and 2001 overseas born aged caregivers made up approximately 20% of the workforce. However, in 2006, the proportion of overseas born aged-care-givers increased to comprise one quarter of the workforce. By 2013 this had risen to 31%. The high proportion overseas born is particularly evident in the 25-29 age group (52%) and 30-34 group (47%). In the Auckland region, in 2013 57% of caregivers were born overseas. In 1991, 89% of female overseas born caregivers had lived in New Zealand five or more years. By 2013, this had reduced to 75%. Across New Zealand in 2002, only one percent of new hires in the residential agedcare sector were temporary migrants and these migrants made up just one percent of total months worked. By 2013, new hires had increased to 13% and months worked to 7%. In 2013, temporary migrants made up 18% of new hires in Auckland’s residential aged-care sector and 10% of months worked. The source countries of aged-care migrants has also changed from being predominantly from the United Kingdom or Pacific to now from Asia, mainly the Philippines and India. In 2013, 40% of female overseas born caregivers recorded an Asian ethnicity. For male caregivers born overseas, 54% recorded an Asian ethnicity. In previous papers we explored options for increasing the caregiver workforce in a way that best supports those providing care and those receiving it. The new data, alongside research on the working conditions of caregivers, reinforces our view that policy makers need to consider developing new migration streams for aged-care workers. In particular, consideration needs to be given to creating easier paths to permanent residency and citizenship.

Ageing New Zealand: The Growing Reliance on Migrant Caregivers, a 2014 Update

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“Be there with us”: An appreciative inquiry into supporting culturally diverse dementia-care workers as learners