Background Physically active learning (PAL) - integration of movement within delivery of academic content - is a core component of many whole-of-school physical activity approaches. Yet, PAL intervention methods and strategies vary and frequently are not sustained beyond formal programmes. To improve PAL training, a more comprehensive understanding of the behavioural and psychological processes that influence teachers' adoption and implementation of PAL is required. To address this, we conducted a meta-synthesis to synthesise key stakeholders' knowledge of facilitators and barriers to teachers' implementing PAL in schools to improve teacher-focussed PAL interventions in primary (elementary) schools. Methodology We conducted a meta-synthesis using a five-stage thematic synthesis approach to; develop a research purpose and aim, identify relevant articles, appraise studies for quality, develop descriptive themes and interpret and synthesise the literature. In the final stage, 14 domains from the Theoretical Domain Framework (TDF) were then aligned to the final analytical themes and subthemes. Results We identified seven themes and 31 sub-themes from 25 eligible papers. Four themes summarised teacher-level factors: PAL benefits, teachers' beliefs about own capabilities, PAL teacher training, PAL delivery. One theme encompassed teacher and school-level factors: resources. Two themes reflected school and external factors that influence teachers' PAL behaviour: whole-school approach, external factors. Ten (of 14) TDF domains aligned with main themes and sub-themes: Knowledge, Skills, Social/Professional Role and Identity, Beliefs about Capabilities, Beliefs about Consequences, Reinforcement, Goals, Environmental Context and Resources, Social influences and Emotion. Conclusions Our synthesis illustrates the inherent complexity required to change and sustain teachers' PAL behaviours. Initially, teachers must receive the training, resources and support to develop the capability to implement and adapt PAL. The PAL training programme should progress as teachers' build their experience and capability; content should be 'refreshed' and become more challenging over time. Subsequently, it is imperative to engage all levels of the school community for PAL to be fully integrated into a broader school system. Adequate resources, strong leadership and governance, an engaged activated community and political will are necessary to achieve this, and may not currently exist in most schools.

/pdf/behaviours-that-prompt-primary-school-teachers-to-adopt-and-25pw3zrcxz.pdf

Behaviours that prompt primary school teachers to adopt and implement physically active learning: a meta synthesis of qualitative evidence

The purpose of this systematic literature review is to explore the area of digital GameBased Learning (GBL) for students with intellectual disabilities as a tool that enables positive impact on learning and mastering specific skills in order to make recommendations for future research. Twenty-one studies were selected from different databases. The results showed that the most common type of game was serious game, and the most common used technology was PC with additional equipment, but tablets were also often used. In addition, the studies were more focused on the development of cognitive abilities rather than of adaptive skills.

/pdf/using-digital-game-based-learning-for-students-with-47d1qfhom4.pdf

Using Digital Game-Based Learning for Students with Intellectual Disabilities -- A Systematic Literature Review.

This study aims to develop learning media using interactive multimedia on the material types of work to improve the critical thinking skills of grade IV elementary school students. This type of research is qualitative and quantitative with the development model using Dick and Carrey. The results of the feasibility test of interactive multimedia products are categorized as feasible because the results of media validation testing, materials, individual tests and small groups show very good categories. For the practical aspect of the development of learning media is categorized very well because the category of the results of the implementation of learning outcomes and classroom learning activity has a range between 3.5-4.0. And for the aspect of the effectiveness of the media tested using t test, the result is obtained ttable value of 2.024 and tcount of 2.435, t-count> t-table means that there is a significant difference critical thinking skills by using interactive multimedia in learning on the material types of work grade IV students at SDN Baturono. Keyword s : Interactive Multimedia, Types of Works, Critical Thinking Feasibility, Practicality, Effectivenes . ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran menggunakan multimedia interaktif pada materi jenis-jenis pekerjaan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan model pengembangan menggunakan Dick and Carrey. Hasil pengujian kelayakan produk multimedia interaktif ini dikategorikan layak karena hasil dari pengujian validasi media, materi, uji perorangan dan kelompok kecil menunjukkan kategori sangat baik. Untuk segi kepraktisan pengembangan media pembelajaran ini dikategorikan sangat baik karena kategori skor hasil keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dan aktivitas belajar siswa kelas memiliki rentang antara 3,5–4,0. Dan untuk segi keefektifan media diuji menggunakan uji t, hasilnya adalah diperoleh nilai t tabel sebesar 2,024 dan t hitung sebesar 2,435, nilai t hitung > t tabel berarti bahwa maka terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan menggunakan multimedia interaktif dalam pembelajaran pada materi jenis-jenis pekerjaan siswa kelas IV SDN Baturono Kata Kunci : Multimedia Interaktif, Jenis-Jenis Pekerjaan, Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Kelayakan, Kepraktisan, Keefektifan.

/pdf/pengembangan-multimedia-interaktif-pada-pembelajaran-materi-2imdeiekbe.pdf

Pengembangan multimedia interaktif pada pembelajaran materi jenis-jenis pekerjaan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis

Abstract Students with disabilities are being encouraged to achieve high academic standards in science education to understand the natural world, acquire life skills, and experience career success. To this end, digital technology supports students with disabilities in order for them to achieve science literacy. While relevant research has presented evidence-based practices to teach science content, the role of technology has yet to be clearly defined in teaching and learning processes. This article presents a systematic literature review on the contribution of technology in science education for students with disabilities. A total of 21 journal articles, during the 2013–2021 period, were identified after an exhaustive search in academic databases. The educational context and learning outcomes of these 21 empirical studies were analyzed. The results show that increased motivation was the main contribution for using digital technology in science education. Positive learning outcomes likely depend on the way digital technology is used, i.e., affordances of each specific technological implementation. Digital technology and its affordances are recommended among other quality indicators for evidence-based research designs in digitally supported learning environments for students with disabilities. 

/pdf/digital-technology-supports-science-education-for-students-21foql4b.pdf

Digital technology supports science education for students with disabilities: A systematic review

Multimedia settings can be defined as digital settings in which elements with visual, audio or visual-audio characteristics that appeal to individuals’ auditory and visual senses are presented in a combined way. Such settings are employed in numerous fields including movies, advertisements, tourism, commerce and education. The aim of the study is to analyse the effects of social studies education based on multimedia setting on students’ academic achievement. The study was designed using the explanatory sequential design which is part of the mixed method. The major finding of the study is that social studies teaching based on the multimedia setting had much more positive effects on student achievement than traditional teaching, but this effects was not statistically significant. The qualitative findings suggested that the reason for it is related to crowded classroom size, high levels of students’ academical readiness and noise in the classrooms. It is possible to conclude that teaching based on multimedia setting has much more positive effects on academic achievement in contrast to traditional teaching and it makes topics to be learned much more understandable and learning environment much more fun.

/pdf/an-analysis-of-the-effects-of-multimedia-teaching-on-student-4jeshjfc5p.pdf

An Analysis of The Effects of Multimedia Teaching on Student Achievement

A multimedia-based learning system to teach children with intellectual disabilities (ID) the basic living and science concepts is proposed. The tutorials' development is pedagogically based on Mayer's Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning combined with Skinner's Operant Conditioning Model. Two types of tutorials are proposed. In the first type; the contents are developed in a static manner while in the second type; the contents are developed using a domain-specific ontology with text processing tools and Google search engine. Both types of tutorials have shown a considerable improvement in the learning process and allowed the children with ID to improve their cognitive skills and become more proactive in the classroom.

The Multimedia-Based Learning System Improved Cognitive Skills and Motivation of Disabled Children with a Very High Rate.

Children with intellectual challenges (IC) are growing up with extensive exposure to computer technology. Computer software and assistive devices have the potential to help these children in education, career development, and independent living. However, most of the software, tools and web sites that these children interact with are designed without consideration of their special needs, making these elements less effective or completely inaccessible for them. This paper proposes an assistive education system that dynamically generates multimedia tutorials for children with IC in the state of Qatar. We use several techniques to generate the tutorials which include: Arabic text processing, entities relationship extraction, multimedia-based ontology, and online retrieval of multimedia contents. The main aim of our system is to enhance those children learning capabilities, understanding, communications, thinking and memorization skills through multimedia.

An arabic ontology-based learning system for children with intellectual challenges

Obesity amongst children and youth is one of the major health issue in the state of Qatar. The percentage of obese and overweight people exceeds 40 percent. Many children are going to school without taking their breakfast. They buy, however, unhealthy or junk food from nearby shops, which results in many health problems, like obesity, diabetes, and teeth decay. To overcome this problem, we propose a learning system that incites children to change their habits and adapt a healthy lifestyle. The system is composed of two main components: 1) a video game and 2) an informative tool. The system enhances the children knowledge about healthy food and shows the importance of exercising in life. The game aims to develop children's eating habits and help them to maintain ideal weight and become healthier. On the other hand, the diet informative component aims to help parents to select the right food for their children based on their health conditions. According to the assessments carried out on children of age 6 to 12, the results show that most of them intended to change their eating life style after playing the game. This shows that the proposed solution is promising and may have a significant impact on children's health.

Play, Learn and Eat Healthy Food: A Mobile Game for Children to Fight Obesity

This work introduces an edutainment system specifically designed to help children with intellectual disability (ID) in order to allow them to have an enhanced and enjoyable learning process and addresses the need for integrating physical activity into their daily lives. The proposed system consists of a multimedia technology based games with a tangible user interface. The edutainment system was tested on 77 children with different intellectual disabilities (IDs). The mildly disabled groups achieved best results in terms of scores and coordination, but all the observed groups exhibited high motivation levels. The results proved that the system had very positive effects on the children, in terms of cognition and motivational levels, especially as the children became more physically active in the classrooms. Instructors also expressed willingness to incorporate the edutainment system into the classroom on a daily basis, as a complementary tool to conventional learning.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2015/165165

Enhancing the cognitive and learning skills of children with intellectual disability through physical activity and edutainment games

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The Multimedia-Based Learning System Improved Cognitive Skills and Motivation of Disabled Children with a Very High Rate.

An arabic ontology-based learning system for children with intellectual challenges

Play, Learn and Eat Healthy Food: A Mobile Game for Children to Fight Obesity

Enhancing the cognitive and learning skills of children with intellectual disability through physical activity and edutainment games