Poly(vinyl alcohol) was modified by an aldehyde acetal reaction with 2,4,6-trinitrophenylacetaldehyde to give a new energetic polymer poly(vinyl 2,4,6-trinitrophenylacetal) (PVTNP). The structure of PVTNP was characterized by elemental analysis, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The glass-transition temperature of PVTNP was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the thermal stability of PVTNP was tested by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). DSC traces showed that the PVTNP polymer had one single glass-transition temperature at 105.3°C. DTA and TGA curves showed that the thermooxidative degradation of PVTNP in air was a three-step reaction, and the percentage of degraded PVTNP reached nearly 100% at 650°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011

Synthesis and characterization of poly(vinyl 2,4,6-trinitrophenylacetal) as a new energetic binder

Copolymers of p-vinylphenol were prepared in bulk with heptafluorobutyl and pentadecafluorooctyl acrylates and trifluoroethyl, hexafluoroisopropyl, heptafluorobutyl, octafluoropentyl and pentadecafluorooctyl methacrylates using azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator in sealed tubes Intrinsic viscosities of the copolymers ranged from 044 to 185 Monomer reactivity ratios for copolymers of trifluoroethyl methacrylate (M1) were: with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (M2), r1 = 047, r2 = 10; with methyl methacrylate (M2), r1 = 082, r2 = 050; with styrene (M2), r1 = 029, r2, = 020; and with p-vinylphenol (M2), r1 = 0096, r2 = 15 Q and e values of trifluoroethyl methacrylate were 130 and 092, respectively Monomer reactivity ratios of octafluoropentyl methacrylate (M1) were: with styrene (M2), r1 = 026, r2 = 020; and with p-vinylphenol, r1 = 021, r2 = 15 Q and e values for octafluoropentyl methacrylate were 127 and 092, respectively Critical surface tensions of the homopolymers ranged from 179 to 148 dyn/cm A copolymer of hexafluoro-i-propyl methacrylate and p-vinylphenol exhibited a critical surface tension of 165 dyn/cm

Copolymerization of fluorinated acrylic monomers with p‐vinylphenol and hydroxyethyl methacrylate

In the present work, kinetics of thermal decomposition of 2,2-dinitropropyl acrylate–styrene copolymer (DNPA/St) and 2,2-dinitropropyl acrylate–vinyl acetate copolymer (DNPA/VAc) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The influence of the heating rate (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C min−1) on the DSC behavior of the copolymer was verified. The results showed that, as the heating rate was increased, decomposition temperature of the copolymer was increased. Also, the kinetic parameters such as activation energy and frequency factor of the copolymer were obtained from the DSC data by the isoconversional methods proposed by Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO). Average activation energy obtained by KAS and FWO methods for the thermal decomposition reaction of DNPA/St and DNPA/VAc are 157.38 ± 0.27 and 147.67 ± 0.57 kJ mol−1, respectively. The rate constants for thermal decomposition calculated from the activation parameters showed the structural dependency. The relative stability of two copolymers under 50 °C was in this order: DNPA/St > DNPA/VAc. The results of thermogravimetry (TG) analysis revealed that the main mass changes for DNPA/St and DNPA/VAc occurred in the temperature ranges of 200–270 °C. The DSC-FTIR analysis of DNPA/St indicates that the band intensity of nitro and other groups increased haphazardly from 230 °C due to thermal decomposition.

Thermal decomposition and kinetics studies on the 2,2-dinitropropyl acrylate–styrene copolymer and 2,2-dinitropropyl acrylate–vinyl acetate copolymer

Thermal stability and decomposition kinetics of two energetic binders: poly (2,2-dinitropropyl acrylate) (PDNPA) and 2,2-dinitropropyl acrylate–2,2-dinitrobutyl acrylate copolymer (DNPA/DNBA) were investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques under nitrogen atmosphere. The results of TG analysis revealed that the mass loss about 60 % of two energetic binders occurs in the temperature ranges of 200–280 °C. Meanwhile, the decomposition temperature of PDNPA and DNPA/DNBA started at 183 and 198 °C, respectively. The decomposition kinetics of two energetic binders were studied by non-isothermal DSC under various heating rates (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 °C min−1). The kinetic parameters for thermal decomposition of the both binders, such as activation energy and frequency factor, were obtained by ASTM E698, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Starink methods. The activation energy values obtained by KAS and Starink methods increase with the degree of conversion (α). The activation energy of thermal decomposition at α = 0.1 obtained by Starink and KAS methods for the PDNPA and DNPA/DNBA are 123.23 ± 0.13 and 127.71 ± 0.12 kJ mol−1, respectively. The rate constants for thermal decomposition calculated from the activation parameters showed the structural dependency. The relative thermal stability of two polymers under 50 °C was in this order: DNPA/DNBA > PDNPA.

Thermal decomposition and kinetics studies on the poly (2,2-dinitropropyl acrylate) and 2,2-dinitropropyl acrylate–2,2-dinitrobutyl acrylate copolymer

Journal of Polymer Science: Macromolecular ReviewsVolume 8, Issue 1 p. 51-115 Article One-electron transfer initiated polymerization reactions. II. Initiation through monomer anion radicals Norman G. Gaylord, Norman G. Gaylord Gaylord Research Institute, Inc., Newark, New JerseySearch for more papers by this authorSunit S. Dixit, Sunit S. Dixit Gaylord Research Institute, Inc., Newark, New JerseySearch for more papers by this author Norman G. Gaylord, Norman G. Gaylord Gaylord Research Institute, Inc., Newark, New JerseySearch for more papers by this authorSunit S. Dixit, Sunit S. Dixit Gaylord Research Institute, Inc., Newark, New JerseySearch for more papers by this author First published: 1974 https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.230080102Citations: 13AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume8, Issue11974Pages 51-115 RelatedInformation 

One-electron transfer initiated polymerization reactions. II. Initiation through monomer anion radicals

Nitroalkyl acrylates and methacrylates involving some new compounds were prepared. The homopolymerization of these monomers in toluene and their copolymerization with styrene in acetone were carried out with azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The rate of polymerization of the nitroalkyl acrylates showed a correlation with the number of nitro groups situated on the ester side chain. The apparent activation energies of the polymerization were found to be 22.0–27.5 kcal./mole for the nitroalkyl acrylates and about 11.5–13.0 kcal./mole for the nitroalkyl methacrylates. From the reactivity ratios and Q-e values of the copolymerization the following information was obtained. The copolymerization behavior of nitroalkyl acrylates and methacrylates showed an alternating tendency, and these monomers belong to the conjugative monomer groups. On the reactivities of these monomers, the polarity of vinyl group was affected a little by nitro group of ester bond side, and the resonance affected little. These monomers were crosslinked with 2-methyl-2-nitro-1,3-propylene diacrylate. Some of the polymers showed marked improvement in the physical properties of elastomers.

The polymerization and copolymerization of nitroalkyl acrylates and nitroalkyl methacrylates

Dehydration effect to radiation induced polymerization of acrylonitrile

Cationic copolymerizations of glycidyl nitrate (GN) with some cyclic ethers were carried out to determine conditions under which glycidyl nitrate could be copolymerized with other ethers Propylene oxide (PO), 33-bis(chloromethyl) oxacyclobutane (BCMO), THF and trioxane (TO) were used as comonomers In LEWIS acids, boron trifluoride complexes were the most active catalysts



The copolymerization parameters were estimated as follows: r1 = 003 and r2 = 185 for GN(M1)/PO(M2), r1 = 007 and r2 = 088 for GN(M1)/THF(M2) and r1 = 03 and r2 = 035 for GN(M1)/TO(M2) copolymerization



Die kationische Copolymerisation von Glycidylnitrat (GN) mit einigen cyclischen Athern wurde durchgefuhrt, um die Bedingungen zu ermitteln, unter denen Glycidylnitrat mit diesen Athern copolymerisiert



Propylenoxid (PO), 33-Bis(chlormethyl)oxacyclobutan (BCMO), Tetrahydrofuran (THF) und Trioxan (TO) wurden als Comonomere angewendet Bortrifluorid-Komplexe von LEWIS-Sauren waren die aktivsten Katalysatoren Die Copolymerisationsparameter wurden abgeschatzt: r1 = 003, r2 = 185 fur die Copolymerisation von GN(M1)/PO(M2); r1 = 007, r2 = 088 fur die Copolymerisation von GN(M1)/THF(M2); r1 = 03, r2 = 035 fur die Copolymerisation von GN(M1)/TO(M2)

Investigations on polyethers containing nitro-groups. I. The cationic copolymerization of glycidyl nitrate with other cyclic ethers

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The polymerization and copolymerization of nitroalkyl acrylates and nitroalkyl methacrylates

Dehydration effect to radiation induced polymerization of acrylonitrile

Investigations on polyethers containing nitro-groups. I. The cationic copolymerization of glycidyl nitrate with other cyclic ethers