Isolation of thermally stable cellulose nanocrystals by phosphoric acid hydrolysis.

Fire retardancy of polymeric materials is a subject of major preoccupation due to the need to minimize fire risk and meet fire safety requirements. Numerous efficient conventional flame retardants based on halogen, mineral, and other compounds have been developed. However, some of these compounds, particularly halogen flame retardants, are harmful to our health and the environment, and their use has been restricted. In addition, the increasing concern about the reduction of the ecological footprint of materials, has encouraged the development of new plastics and additives made from renewable resources. As a result, renewed interest is emerging for the development of sustainable solutions for flame retardants for polymeric materials. This paper focuses on the identification of biomass compounds that have a potential as flame retardants for polymers due to their high availability and inherent properties. The last section of this paper explores the recent progress in flame retardant systems, based on the use of renewable products, which constitutes a promising approach to provide materials with improved fire resistance.

Bio-based flame retardants: When nature meets fire protection

Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibrils : A Renewable Nanomaterial for the Preparation of Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Materials

Cellulose, either as a major component in wood or as the prime textile fiber cotton, is most frequently implicated in fire, causing injuries and fatalities [1] When ignited, cellulose undergoes thermal degradation, form-ing combustible volatile compounds which become involved in the propaga-tion of fire Fortunately cellulose has a chemical composition which makes it easily amenable to interactive flame-retardant treatments Because flam-mability is a relative rather than an absolute concept, there are no truly flame-retardant fabrics, and the best that can be attained is some given level of flame resistance Barker and Drews [2] proposed that with cellulose, the problem of fire can be described as two distinct phenomena, glowing and flaming, which present different potential hazards and should be ap-proached in different ways Glowing is a direct oxidation of solid cellulose or its degradation products It is generally a slow combustion and is of great concern for only specific items, such as c

Flame-Retardant Treatments of Cellulose and Their Influence on the Mechanism of Cellulose Pyrolysis

New results regarding the synthesis and characterization of water-soluble phosphorylated cellulose by reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid in molten urea are presented. The maximal value of DS attained by this method was about 1. By elemental analysis of phosphorous, titration of acidic groups and IR spectra the structure of monobasic cellulose phosphate was demonstrated. The results of elemental analysis are in agreement with those obtained by potentiometric or conductometric titration so that the potentiometric titration is proposed as a convenient and rapid method for the evaluation of the substitution degree. The thermal behavior and the ability to influence the separation of sparingly soluble salts were examined in view of the use of phosphorylated cellulose in the control of biomineralization processes or as additive in the preparation of hydroxyapatite or other inorganic salts by hydrothermal method.

Phosphorylation of polysaccharides: New results on synthesis and characterisation of phosphorylated cellulose

The reaction of cellulose with phosphorous acid in molten urea afforded a white, water-soluble product. The product was a monoester of phosphorous acid, and all the phosphorus residues were in phosphonic form, i.e., cellulose phosphonate. Quantitative addition of acrylonitrile to the PH bonds in cellulose phosphonate occurred in the presence of sodium ethoxide. By alkali hydrolysis of the adduct, a polyelectrolyte having two different ionization groups, POH and COOH, could be prepared. Thermal degradation of three cellulose phosphonates, ammonium cellulose phosphonate (I), ammonium cellulose 2-cyanoethlyphosphonate (II), and ammonium cellulose 2-carboxyethylphosphonate (III), was examined. All three samples decomposed at a temperature around 270°C, but their thermal behaviors were different. Replacement of hydrogen in the phosphonic residue by 2-cyanoethyl and 2-carboxyethyl groups retarded dehydration of cellulose. Sample I had a satisfactory flame retardance; samples II and III were not flame resistant. Reduction of flame retardance may be due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the cyano and carboxyl groups.

Phosphorylation of cellulose with phosphorous acid and thermal degradation of the product

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Satoshi Nakamura

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Phosphorylation of cellulose with phosphorous acid and thermal degradation of the product