This article reviews the principles, design and applications of visible-light and near-infrared fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering in point-of-care testing and bio-imaging. 

Visible-light and near-infrared fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering point-of-care sensing and bio-imaging: a review

Target specific aptamer-induced self-assembly of fluorescent graphene quantum dots on palladium nanoparticles for sensitive detection of tetracycline in raw milk.

Fluorescent nanocarbons are well-proficient nanomaterials because of their optical properties and surface engineering. Herein, Apium graveolens-derived carbon dots (ACDs) have been synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal process without using any surplus vigorous chemicals or ligands. ACDs were captured via an in situ gelation reaction to form a semi-interpenetrating polymer network system showing mechanical robustness, fluorescent behavior, and natural adhesivity. ACDs-reinforced hydrogels were tested against robust uniaxial stress, repeated mechanical stretching, thixotropy, low creep, and fast strain recovery, confirming their elastomeric sustainability. Moreover, the room-temperature self-healing behavior was observed for the ACDs-reinforced hydrogels, with a healing efficacy of more than 45%. Water imbibition through hydrogel surfaces was digitally monitored via "breathing" and "accelerated breathing" behaviors. The phytomedicine release from the hydrogels was tuned by the ACDs' microstructure regulatory activity, resulting in better control of the diffusion rate compared to conventional chemical hydrogels. Finally, the phytomedicine-loaded hydrogels were found to be excellent bactericidal materials eradicating more than 85% of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The delayed network rupturing, superstretchability, fluorescent self-healing, controlled release, and antibacterial behavior could make this material an excellent alternative to soft biomaterials and soft robotics.

Naturally Derived Carbon Dots In Situ Confined Self-Healing and Breathable Hydrogel Monolith for Anomalous Diffusion-Driven Phytomedicine Release.

Recent advancement in graphene quantum dots based fluorescent sensor: Design, construction and bio-medical applications

Since the day of their origin, the graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been considered a predominant material for biosensing applications in view of their unique and exciting electronic, physicochemical and optical properties. By combining the quantum-confinement and edge effects of carbon dots with the graphene structure, GQDs have emerged as a wonder material. These photoluminescent QDs possess remarkable biocompatibility, high current density, fast electron mobility, high water solubility, good photochemical stability, and low cytotoxicity, thereby prevailing in the field of sensing. Moreover, the high electron-transfer and easy biomolecule-immobilization capabilities of GQDs make them suitable for developing efficient (bio)analytical sensors. In this direction, the review is proposed to enlighten the scope of GQDs in a variety of optical and electrochemical chemosensors as well as biosensors. Recent advancements pertaining to their synthesis methods, unique properties, and their regulation through heteroatom-doping and surface-functionalization strategies are discussed, along with the current challenges and future prospects.

/pdf/recent-advances-in-graphene-quantum-dot-based-optical-and-447lzw5jbd.pdf

Recent advances in graphene quantum dot-based optical and electrochemical (bio)analytical sensors

Illicit drug-related incidents such as traffic accidents and sexual assaults are gaining epidemic proportions worldwide. Besides, there is the rampant use of drugs at some critical workplaces, which can result in serious safety breaches. As a result, point-of-care diagnostic and monitoring devices are becoming increasingly important for clinical diagnostics, onsite investigation of crime, workplace testing of personnel, and roadside drug detection to prevent driving under the influence. This review focuses on the recent state of rapid and real-time diagnostics of the most common illicit drugs such as cocaine (COC), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), methamphetamine, amphetamine, fentanyl, opioids (morphine, codeine), heroin, and benzodiazepine (alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, oxazepam, and clonazepam), using colorimetric, fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical, and lateral flow assay (LFA). It also discusses the possible evolution of some of these techniques for the rapid detection of drugs at ultra-low levels, thereby giving an insight into the future of sensor technology.

Recent Biosensing Advances in the Rapid Detection of Illicit Drugs

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Target specific aptamer-induced self-assembly of fluorescent graphene quantum dots on palladium nanoparticles for sensitive detection of tetracycline in raw milk.

Recent Biosensing Advances in the Rapid Detection of Illicit Drugs