The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) helps to exchange the information over the internet. However, BGP is susceptible to malicious attacks and misconfigurations meanwhile BGP does not focus on providing security during routing information advertisement. The secure BGP environment provides constant routing services on the internet, but existing works does not provide an optimal solution for BGP router security. To overcome these issues, we proposed decentralized low complexity framework for providing security to BGP attacks using deep learning and blockchain technologies. The proposed SDBGPChain (SDN based BGP using dendrimer tree blockchain) model whereas the SDN provides network management, flexibility and scalability for BGP environment, the proposed work includes three processes such as entity authentication, low complexity BGP attack detection and prevention, and deep learning-based route update validation. Initially, users and BGP routers are authenticated using Enhanced Blowfish and Elliptical Curve Cryptography (EB-ECC) which generated the unique key using EB algorithm and the unique is encrypted by enhanced ECC for improving security. Every Autonomous System (AS) is constructed as a graph structure using Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which improves the scalability and interoperability of the network. Secondly, we perform BGP attack detection using Dual Agent based Twin Actor Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DA-T2TD3) algorithm by performing both proactive and reactive methods. Finally, we perform route update validation by Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) by considering update message tuples which validate the updates by identifying misconfigurations and errors in the updated messages. Here, updated messages are passed to the blockchain for validation using the DiemBFT consensus algorithm which improves high security. The simulation of the proposed SDBGPChain model is conducted by OMNET++ simulation tool, and the performance of this work is evaluated based on various performance metrics such as Packet drop ratio (0.22), Throughput (39.8 bits/sec), Block validation time (20.2 s), Detection accuracy ((no. of attacks 92.5%) and (no of anomalies 93%)), and Network traffic (27.6%) which proved that the proposed work achieved superior performance compared to state-of-the-art works. 

SDBGPChain: A decentralized low complexity framework to detect and prevent the BGPattacks using SDN with smart contract based Dendrimer tree blockchain

BGP, the de-facto standard protocol for exchanging routes on a network-wide basis called AS employs invalid routes. Recently, a data object called Autonomous System Provider Authorization (ASPA) was proposed as a new specification for verifying PATH information in BGP security. In this paper, we shed light on the effectiveness of ASPAs in a partial deployment alongside the conventional BGP through experiments based on a real AS topology. To this end, we also present a novel simulation tool, LOTUS, for BGP route exchange, including ASPAs. We then evaluate deployments of ASPAs and their verification with LOTUS for two cases on network topology in Japan: the case in deployment from ASes whose number of connections with other ASes is large, i.e., deployment from top ASes, and the case in deployment from ASes at the end of the network topology, i.e., deployment from leaf-node ASes. As a result, we confirm that the number of victim ASes decreases in the former case, while ASPAs provide no advantage in the latter case. Notably, the number of victim ASes decreases by about 96% on average by deploying the verification with ASPAs in the top-eight ASes. Based on these results, we further conduct extensive experiments in the deployment from the top ASes, whereby ASes outside the network topology advertise malicious routes to the victim ASes. We also discuss a case whereby an adversary tries to leverage ASPAs. Our promising results show that the adversary will no longer obtain an advantage even by leveraging ASPAs. 

The Juice Is Worth the Squeeze: Analysis of Autonomous System Provider Authorization in Partial Deployment

SDBGPChain: A Decentralized Low Complexity Framework to Detect and Prevent the BGPDendrimer Tree Blockchain Attacks using SDN with Smart Contract based

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the core routing protocol for inter-domain routing, providing substantial flexibility but lacking convergence guarantees, which can lead to network oscillations and instability. Despite prior research proposing various methods to address these issues, existing algorithms still fall short in terms of accuracy and efficiency.In this paper, we introduce a novel and efficient algorithm that statically analyzes BGP configurations to accurately determine routing convergence. Our algorithm achieves several major advancements:•Superior Accuracy: It outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithm by correctly identifying a broader range of configurations.•Scalability: It is highly efficient, capable of analyzing Internet-scale configurations within polynomial time complexity.•Reliability: It eliminates false positives, ensuring that potentially oscillating configurations are never incorrectly reported as convergence.Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly enhances accuracy and efficiency compared to existing methods, making it highly suitable for large-scale Internet applications. This work represents a substantial step forward in ensuring the stability and reliability of BGP routing, addressing critical challenges in modern Internet infrastructure.

UPEA: A Novel BGP Convergence Verification Algorithm with Zero False Positives and Minimal False Negatives

Adopting the Software-Defined Exchange (SDX) concept in network technology, specifically in Internet Exchange Points (IXPs), still requires a comprehensive understanding of various designs and their implementation to provide quality services that increase business value. However, this needs to be understood by all involved parties. They are determining the model and management team and ensuring that all potential security threats can influence the success of SDX implementation at IXP. This research shows various perspectives on the definition, management benefits, and SDX implementation's impact and consequences are obtained. It can be a consideration when implementing SDX in the industry environment. 

Software-Defined Exchange (SDX) as Solutions of Internet Exchange Point (IXP): An Argumentative Literature Review

In global networks, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is widely used in exchanging routing information. While the original design of BGP did not focus on security protection against deliberate or accidental errors regarding to routing disruption, one of fundamental vulnerabilities in BGP is a lack of insurance in validating authority for announcing network layer reachability. Therefore, a distributed repository system known as Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) has been utilized to mitigate this issue. However, such a validation requires further deployment steps for Autonomous System (AS), and it might cause performance and compatibility problems in legacy network infrastructure. Nevertheless, with recent advancements in network innovation, some traditional networks are planning to be restructured with Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technology for gaining more benefits. By using SDN, Internet eXchange Point (IXP) is able to enhance its capability of management by applying softwarized control methods, acting as a Software-Defined eXchange (SDX) center to handle numerous advertisement adaptively. To use the SDN method to strengthen routing security of IXP, this paper proposed an alternative SDX development, SD-BROV, an SDX-based BGP Route Origin Validation mechanism that establishes a flexible route exchange scenario with RPKI validation. The validating application built in the SDN controller is capable of investigating received routing information. It aims to support hybrid SDN environments and help non-SDN BGP neighbors to get trusted routes and drop suspicious ones in transition. To verify proposed idea with emulated environment, the proof-of-concept development is deployed on an SDN testbed running over Research and Education Networks (RENs). During BGP hijacking experiment, the results show that developed SD-BROV is able to detect and stop legitimate traffic to be redirected by attacker, making approach to secure traffic forwarding on BGP routers.

SD-BROV: An Enhanced BGP Hijacking Protection with Route Validation in Software-Defined eXchange

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SD-BROV: An Enhanced BGP Hijacking Protection with Route Validation in Software-Defined eXchange