Basic bovine behavior is a crucial parameter influencing cattle domestication. In addition, behavior has an impact on cattle productivity, welfare and adaptation. The aim of the present study was to infer quantitative genetic and genomic mechanisms contributing to natural dual-purpose cow behavior in grazing systems. In this regard, we genotyped five dual-purpose breeds for a dense SNP marker panel from four different European countries. All cows from the across-country study were equipped with the same electronic recording devices. In this regard, we analyzed 97,049 longitudinal sensor behavior observations from 319 local dual-purpose cows for rumination, feeding, basic activity, high active, not active and ear temperature. According to the specific sensor behaviors and following a welfare protocol, we computed two different welfare indices. For genomic breed characterizations and multi-breed genome-wide association studies, sensor traits and test-day production records were merged with 35,826 SNP markers per cow. For the estimation of variance components, we used the pedigree relationship matrix and a combined similarity matrix that simultaneously included both pedigree and genotypes. Heritabilities for feeding, high active and not active were in a moderate range from 0.16 to 0.20. Estimates were very similar from both relationship matrix-modeling approaches and had quite small standard errors. Heritabilities for the remaining sensor traits (feeding, basic activity, ear temperature) and welfare indices were lower than 0.09. Five significant SNPs on chromosomes 11, 17, 27 and 29 were associated with rumination, and two different SNPs significantly influenced the sensor traits "not active" (chromosome 13) and "feeding" (chromosome 23). Gene annotation analyses inferred 22 potential candidate genes with a false discovery rate lower than 20%, mostly associated with rumination (13 genes) and feeding (8 genes). Mendelian randomization based on genomic variants (i.e., the instrumental variables) was used to infer causal inference between an exposure and an outcome. Significant regression coefficients among behavior traits indicate that all specific behavioral mechanisms contribute to similar physiological processes. The regression coefficients of rumination and feeding on milk yield were 0.10 kg/% and 0.12 kg/%, respectively, indicating their positive influence on dual-purpose cow productivity. Genomically, an improved welfare behavior of grazing cattle, i.e., a higher score for welfare indices, was significantly associated with increased fat and protein percentages.

/pdf/multi-breed-genome-wide-association-studies-across-countries-45bd769u1a.pdf

Multi-breed genome-wide association studies across countries for electronically recorded behavior traits in local dual-purpose cows.

Revisiting tuberculosis screening: An insight to complementary diagnosis and prospective molecular approaches for the recognition of the dormant TB infection in human and cattle hosts.

Toll like Receptor 1 (TLR1) gene codes for a host pathogen recognition receptor that plays a vital role in the pathogen recognition and initation of immune response and is a suitable candidate gene for identifying genetic predisposition to infectious diseases like Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB). In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the genetic polymorphism at SNP locus rs55617193 in TLR1 gene and explore association of genetic variants at this locus with susceptibility to bTB infection in cattle. In a population of bTB affected and healthy cows established using single intradermal tuberculin test; SNP under investigation was found to be polymorphic. SNP locus 55617193 in TLR1 gene was however found to be nonsignificantly associated with susceptibility to bTB in the study population. These findings need added validation in independent, large case-control population of bTB along with association studies of other SNPs in TLR genes.

https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2019/vol7issue3/PartE/7-2-280-574.pdf

Association study of an SNP in TLR1 gene with susceptibility to bovine tuberculosis in cows

Wood kraft pulp supplementation alters the rumen fermentation characteristics and epithelial transcriptomes in Holstein cattle during the high-grain diet challenge

Livestock sector play an important role in socio economic development and the national economy of the country. With an overall contribution of ~4% to GDP, livestock sector play an important role in national economy whilst contributing to the nutrition security, household income along with generating gainful employment in the rural areas, particularly among the landless, small and marginal farmers. India’s livestock sector is one of the largest in the world and boasts of a huge array of animal genetic resource. As per the 19 th Livestock Census-2012, India is home to a total of 512.05 million livestock population comprising cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, horse and ponies, mules, donkeys, camels, mithun and yak. India ranks first in milk production, accounting for 18.81 % of world production, achieving an annual output of 165.4 million tonnes during 2016-17 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 08 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

/pdf/candidate-gene-polymorphism-vis-a-vis-immune-response-to-jagfujp1pj.pdf

Candidate Gene Polymorphism vis-a-vis Immune Response to Important Infectious Diseases in Bovines

Differential gene expression in Mycobacterium bovis challenged monocyte-derived macrophages of cattle.

Differential expression profile of innate immune response genes between indigenous and crossbred cattle.

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Differential gene expression in Mycobacterium bovis challenged monocyte-derived macrophages of cattle.

Differential expression profile of innate immune response genes between indigenous and crossbred cattle.