Comparative bioremediation of carbofuran contaminated soil by natural attenuation, bioaugmentation and biostimulation

Abstract—In the present study, presence of endosulfan, imidacloprid, carbendazim, in the soil /vegetables/cereals and water samples was observed in agriculture fields of Uttarakhand. In view of biodegradation of these pesticides, 9 bacterial isolates were recovered from the soil samples of the fields which tolerated endosulfan, imidacloprid, carbendazim from 100 to 200 μg/ml. Three bacterial consortia used for in vitro bioremediation experiments were consisted of 3 bacterial isolates for carbendazim, imidacloprid and endosulfan, respectively. Maximum degradation (87 and 83%) of α and β endosulfan respectively was observed in soil slurry by consortium. Degradation of Imidacloprid and carbendazim under similar conditions was 88.4 and 77.5% respectively. FT-IR analysis of biodegraded samples of pesticides in liquid media showed stretching of various bonds. GC-MS of biodegraded endosulfan sample in soil slurry showed the presence of nontoxic intermediates. A pot trial with Bacterial treatments lowered down the uptake of pesticides in onion plants.

In situ Biodegradation of Endosulfan, Imidacloprid, and Carbendazim Using Indigenous Bacterial Cultures of Agriculture Fields of Uttarakhand, India

Endosulfan contamination is one of the major concerns of soil ecosystem, which causes detrimental effects not only to humans but also to animals and plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate and identify a novel bacterial strain capable of degrading endosulfan in agriculture contaminated soils. A novel bacterial strain was isolated from the sugarcane field contaminated with endosulfan, and was named as ZAM1 strain. The ZAM1 bacterial strain was further identified as Pseudomonas mendocina based on the biochemical and molecular analysis. 16sRNA sequence analysis of ZAM1 strain shows maximum similarity with known endosulfan-degrading bacteria (Pseudomonas putida), respectively. Enrichment was carried out using the endosulfan as sole sulfur source. The ZAM1 strain was able to use α and β endosulfan as a sole sulfur source. Our results showed that ZAM1 strain degrades endosulfan >64.5% (50 mg/l) after 12 days of incubation. The residues were analyzed by GC–MS analysis and confirmed the formation of metabolites of dieldrin, 2 heptanone, methyl propionate, and endosulfan lactone compounds. Hence, these results indicate that the ZAM1 strain is a promising bacterial source for detoxification of endosulfan residues in the environment.

Degradation and conversion of endosulfan by newly isolated Pseudomonas mendocina ZAM1 strain.

Tea (Camellia sinensis) belonging to family Theaceae, is one of the largest consumed beverages in the world. Tea contains several naturally occurring dietary polyphenols such as catechins possessing anticarcinogenic activity that act as effective chemopreventive agents against the initiation, promotion and progression stages of multistage carcinogenesis. To meet the needs of consumers, tea industry largely rely on use of chemicals in the form of fertilizers and pesticides for better production. Increased use of agrochemicals for better production has resulted in pollution of garden tea soil, besides rendering native microbiota resistant to these chemicals. Identification of soil microbes thriving in such polluted soil would be helpful in screening for tolerant bacteria that can be exploited for pesticide degradation.

/pdf/microbial-bioremediation-of-pesticide-residues-in-tea-soil-4iyliki906.pdf

Microbial Bioremediation of Pesticide Residues in Tea Soil

Indicative extent of humic and fulvic acids in soils determined by electronic nose

Endosulfan is a characteristic pesticide having both chlorine and sulphur as functional groups, effective in controlling a large spectrum of pests. It is sprayed as contact insecticide on food crops. Residues of α and β endosulfan have varying half life and persist in air, water and soil along with their degradation products. The present study aimed at delineating endosulfan residues in soil, representing samples drawn from agricultural fields during winter season. The samples after pre-treatment were subjected to enrichment of the residues. The residues were estimated by GC-ECD method. The concentration of α endosulfan ranged from 0.1 mg to 29 mg/Kg, the levels of β Endosulfan ranged from 0.1-167 mg/kg, and that of Endosulfan sulphate ranged from 0.12-27 mg/Kg respectively. This study once again proves the highly persistant nature of the residues of endosulfan in soil and hence the need to find measures to remove them from the environment. The microorganisms present in this soil were found to possess the ability to degrade endosulfan as they are chronically exposed to it. Up to 70% of endosulfan and 100% of Endosulfan sulphate degradation were observed. Hence, organisms isolated from endosulfan contaminated soils by the process of enrichment can be used as bio remediating agents for soil and water.

/pdf/degradation-of-endosulfan-by-mixed-bacterial-cultures-1k0e7lk0pr.pdf

Degradation of Endosulfan by Mixed Bacterial Cultures Enriched from Endosulfan Contaminated Soils of Southern India

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Degradation of Endosulfan by Mixed Bacterial Cultures Enriched from Endosulfan Contaminated Soils of Southern India