Body fluid and body tissue identification are important in forensic science as they can provide key evidence in a criminal investigation and may assist the court in reaching conclusions. Establishing a link between identifying the fluid or tissue and the DNA profile adds further weight to this evidence. Many forensic laboratories retain techniques for the identification of biological fluids that have been widely used for some time. More recently, many different biomarkers and technologies have been proposed for identification of body fluids and tissues of forensic relevance some of which are now used in forensic casework. Here, we summarize the role of body fluid/ tissue identification in the evaluation of forensic evidence, describe how such evidence is detected at the crime scene and in the laboratory, elaborate different technologies available to do this, and reflect real life experiences. We explain how, by including this information, crucial links can be made to aid in the investigation and solution of crime.

On the Identification of Body Fluids and Tissues: A Crucial Link in the Investigation and Solution of Crime

Applications of microbiology to different forensic scenarios - A narrative review.

Forensic Botany

Aquatic moss precipitates metals in the presence of a specific endophytic microbiome

Fragments of botanical material can often be found at crime scenes (on live and dead bodies, or on incriminating objects) and can provide circumstantial evidence on various aspects of forensic investigations such as determining crime scene locations, times of death or possession of illegal species Morphological and genetic analysis are the most commonly applied methods to analyze plant fragment evidence but are limited by their low capacity to differentiate between potential source locations, especially at local scales Here, we review the current applications and limitations of current plant fragment analysis for forensic investigations and introduce the potential of microbiome analysis to complement the existing forensic plant fragment analysis toolkit The potential for plant fragment provenance identification at geographic scales meaningful to forensic investigations warrants further investigation of the phyllosphere microbiome in this context To that end we identify three key areas of future research: 1) Retrieval of microbial DNA of sufficient quality and quantity from botanical material; 2) Variability of the phyllosphere microbiome at different taxonomic and spatial scales, with explicit reference to assignment capacity; 3) Impacts on assignment capacity of time, seasonality and movement of fragments between locations The development of robust microbiome analysis tools for forensic purposes in botanical material could increase the evidentiary value of the botanical evidence commonly encountered in casework, aiding in the identification of crime scene locations

Microbiomes in forensic botany: a review.

Moss microbial communities play important roles for ecosystem processes in boreal forests. Host moss identity and leaf litter presence can affect microbial community structures of mosses. However, the extent to which host-specific characteristics and land use type affect taxonomic and functional profiles of microbial communities of boreal mosses is still poorly understood. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing to characterize microbial taxonomy and metabolic KEGG ortholog (KO) profiles between green and brown sections of five moss species across different natural sites, and two moss species between a natural site and a mine site in Eeyou Istchee, Québec, Canada. Our results demonstrate that the abundance of nitrogen metabolic genes differ between moss sections and that mosses from natural and mine environment associate with different microbial taxa and KO profiles. Importantly, conditions at the mine site appear to favor microbial taxa that can tolerate perturbated environments, including taxa that can oxidize sulfur and participate in biofilm formation. Overall, our results highlight that moss section, moss species identity, and land-use type are strong drivers of diversity and community structure of moss-associated microbial taxa and metabolic genes. These findings could have major implications for boreal forests facing climate change and anthropogenic pressures.

/pdf/moss-species-sections-and-land-use-type-drive-moss-2sb8efs8.pdf

Moss species, sections, and land use type drive moss-associated microbial taxonomy and functions in boreal forests

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Microbiomes in forensic botany: a review.

Moss species, sections, and land use type drive moss-associated microbial taxonomy and functions in boreal forests