https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/5/110/206.full.pdf

The american psychological association.

This paper provides a concise but comprehensive review of research on religion/spirituality (R/S) and both mental health and physical health. It is based on a systematic review of original data-based quantitative research published in peer-reviewed journals between 1872 and 2010, including a few seminal articles published since 2010. First, I provide a brief historical background to set the stage. Then I review research on R/S and mental health, examining relationships with both positive and negative mental health outcomes, where positive outcomes include well-being, happiness, hope, optimism, and gratefulness, and negative outcomes involve depression, suicide, anxiety, psychosis, substance abuse, delinquency/crime, marital instability, and personality traits (positive and negative). I then explain how and why R/S might influence mental health. Next, I review research on R/S and health behaviors such as physical activity, cigarette smoking, diet, and sexual practices, followed by a review of relationships between R/S and heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, immune functions, endocrine functions, cancer, overall mortality, physical disability, pain, and somatic symptoms. I then present a theoretical model explaining how R/S might influence physical health. Finally, I discuss what health professionals should do in light of these research findings and make recommendations in this regard.

/pdf/religion-spirituality-and-health-the-research-and-clinical-3g4ye41fgm.pdf

Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications

The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Theory, Research, Practice

Definitions of cultural competence often refer to the need to be aware and attentive to the religious and spiritual needs and orientations of patients. However, the institution of psychiatry maintains an ambivalent attitude to the incorporation of religion and spirituality into psychiatric practice. This is despite the fact that many patients, especially those from underserved and underprivileged minority backgrounds, are devotedly religious and find much solace and support in their religiosity. I use the case of mental health of African Americans as an extended example to support the argument that psychiatric services must become more closely attuned to religious matters. I suggest ways in which this can be achieved. Attention to religion can aid in the development of culturally competent and accessible services, which in turn, may increase engagement and service satisfaction among religious populations.

/pdf/religious-competence-as-cultural-competence-47ylez7dee.pdf

Religious competence as cultural competence.

The meanings and causes of hearing voices that others cannot hear (auditory verbal hallucinations, in psychiatric parlance) have been debated for thousands of years. Voice-hearing has been both revered and condemned, understood as a symptom of disease as well as a source of otherworldly communication. Those hearing voices have been viewed as mystics, potential psychiatric patients or simply just people with unusual experiences, and have been beatified, esteemed or accepted, as well as drugged, burnt or gassed. This book travels from voice-hearing in the ancient world through to contemporary experience, examining how power, politics, gender, medicine and religion have shaped the meaning of hearing voices. Who hears voices today, what these voices are like and their potential impact are comprehensively examined. Cutting edge neuroscience is integrated with current psychological theories to consider what may cause voices and the future of research in voice-hearing is explored.

Hearing Voices: The Histories, Causes and Meanings of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations

Research demonstrates important associations between religiosity and well-being; spirituality and religious faith are important coping mechanisms for managing stressful life events. Despite this, there is a religiosity gap between mental health clinicians and their patients. The former are less likely to be religious, and recent correspondence in the Psychiatric Bulletin suggests that some at least do not consider it appropriate to encourage discussion of any spiritual or religious concerns with patients. However, it is difficult to see how failure to discuss such matters can be consistent with the objective of gaining a full understanding of the patient’s condition and their self-understanding, or attracting their full and active engagement with services.

/pdf/religion-spirituality-and-mental-health-384zzaff8a.pdf

Religion, spirituality and mental health

Spirituality is assuming increasing importance in clinical practice and in research in psychiatry. This increasing salience of spirituality raises important questions about the boundaries of good professional practice. Answers to these questions require not only careful attention to defining and understanding the nature of spirituality, but also closer attention to the nature of concepts of secularity and self than psychiatry has usually given. Far from being “neutral ground,” secularity is inherently biased against concepts of transcendence. Our secular age is preoccupied with a form of immanence that emphasises interiority, autonomy and reason, but this preoccupation has paradoxically been associated with an explosion of interest in the transcendent in new, often non-religious and non-traditional forms. This context, as well as the increasing evidence base for spiritual and religious coping as important ways of dealing with mental stress and mental disorder, requires that psychiatry gives more careful a...

/pdf/spirituality-and-secularity-professional-boundaries-in-3b0f7abyci.pdf

Spirituality and secularity: professional boundaries in psychiatry

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Have the taboos around spirituality begun to fall away? Certainly there appears to be a lot of interest in this subject at the moment. For example, the Royal College of Psychiatrists has a special interest group on spirituality and psychiatry ([www.rcpsych.ac.uk/spirit][2]),

/pdf/spirituality-and-the-practice-of-healthcare-s-robinson-k-25fru7ldg6.pdf

Spirituality and the Practice of Healthcare. S. Robinson, K. Kendrick, A. Brown. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, £17.99 pb, 251 pp., ISBN: 0-333-77797-2

Poole et al [1][1] appear to be reproving the Spirituality and Psychiatry Special Interest Group for neither endorsing nor refuting their stated opinion that spiritual and religious practices are breaching professional boundaries. They begin by taking issue with the views of Professor Koenig[2][2] (

/pdf/spirituality-and-boundaries-in-psychiatry-g9vsm2zjr1.pdf

Spirituality and boundaries in psychiatry

We are aware that the methodology, interpretation and evaluation of research on spirituality and mental health are complex matters which are not without their controversies and difficulties. The measurement of spirituality (which is to be contrasted with religiosity in this regard) is necessarily

/pdf/research-in-spirituality-and-mental-health-2i0k59e3fp.pdf

Research in spirituality and mental health

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