High-surface-area, nanostructured carbon is widely used for encapsulating sulfur and improving the cyclic stability of Li–S batteries, but the high carbon content and low packing density limit the specific energy that can be achieved. Here we report an approach that does not rely on sulfur encapsulation. We used a low-surface-area, open carbon fibre architecture to control the nucleation and growth of the sulfur species by manipulating the carbon surface chemistry and the solvent properties, such as donor number and Li+ diffusivity. Our approach facilitates the formation of large open spheres and prevents the production of an undesired insulating sulfur-containing film on the carbon surface. This mechanism leads to ~100% sulfur utilization, almost no capacity fading, over 99% coulombic efficiency and high energy density (1,835 Wh kg−1 and 2,317 Wh l−1). This finding offers an alternative approach for designing high-energy and low-cost Li–S batteries through controlling sulfur reaction on low-surface-area carbon. Sulfur encapsulation with nanoporous carbon is a widely adopted approach for Li–S batteries, but this often results in low sulfur utilization and low volumetric energy density. Here the authors report a non-encapsulation approach for the growth of S-containing species with low-surface-area carbon and high energy.

Non-encapsulation approach for high-performance Li–S batteries through controlled nucleation and growth

Biosensor development includes the deposition of (nano)materials onto a conductive electrode surface, which is a crucial step for obtaining improved performance from the constructed biosensors. Various methods have been used to create a successful matrix of (nano)materials that ensures proper contact between the material and electrode surface. The purpose of (nano)material deposition is to provide a high surface area to improve the electroanalytical performance of biosensors by supporting the stable immobilization of enzymes in a more significant quantity as well as enhancing the catalytic or bioaffinity features. For decades, researchers have been using increasingly advanced methods not only for improving sensing performance, but also for improving stability, reproducibility, and mass production. In this review, we summarized the methods used for (nano)material deposition onto an electrode surface for efficient biosensor fabrication. An enhanced and optimized (nano)material deposition method is crucial for the mechanical stability and fabrication reproducibility of electrodes when designing a suitable biosensing device. In addition, we discussed the problems faced during biosensor application as well as the present challenges and prospects for superior deposition methods.

Deposition of nanomaterials: A crucial step in biosensor fabrication

MOF-derived Fe2O3 decorated with MnO2 nanosheet arrays as anode for high energy density hybrid supercapacitor

Printed copper materials have been attracting significant attention prominently due to their electric, mechanical, and thermal properties. The emerging copper-based flexible electronics and energy-critical applications rely on the control of electric conductivity, current-carrying capacity, and reliability of copper nanostructures and their printable ink materials. In this review, we describe the growth of copper nanostructures as the building blocks for printable ink materials on which a variety of conductive features can be additively manufactured to achieve high electric conductivity and stability. Accordingly, the copper-based flexible hybrid electronics and energy-critical devices printed by different printing techniques are reviewed for emerging applications.

Recent Advancement of Emerging Nano Copper-Based Printable Flexible Hybrid Electronics

Silica nanochannel membranes, particularly those consisting of highly ordered and vertically aligned channels (designated as SNM for simplicity in this review), have recently emerged as a class of attractive nanomaterials, because of their controllable and tunable pore structure, large surface area, high selectivity, and permeability, as well as diverse promising applications. This review describes recent developments in the field of SNM and their applications in electrochemical analysis and molecular separation. We summarize and highlight (i) the synthesis and functionalization strategies; (ii) the basic properties with emphasis on the selectivity and permeability, and factors affecting them; (iii) electrochemical analysis based on the electrode-supported SNM in terms of electrostatic, hydrophobic extraction, size-exclusion, and anti-fouling effects; (iv) molecular separation using the flow-through SNM according to molecular properties (size, charge, and lipophilicity) and gated, rectified molecular transport. Finally, we present an outlook and perspective on the further applications of SNM in the relevant fields.

Silica Nanochannel Membranes for Electrochemical Analysis and Molecular Sieving: A Comprehensive Review

In this work layered copper films with smooth surface were successfully fabricated onto ITO substrate by electrochemical deposition (ECD) and the thickness of the films was nearly 60 nm. The resulting films were characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM, XPS, and XRD. We have investigated the effects of potential and the concentration of additives and found that 2D dendritic-like growth process leaded the formation of films. A suitable growth mechanism based on diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) mechanism for the copper films formation is presented, which are meaningful for further designing homogeneous and functional films.

/pdf/electrochemical-deposition-of-layered-copper-thin-films-3nkqx5j2ak.pdf

Electrochemical deposition of layered copper thin films based on the diffusion limited aggregation.

Nonlinear optical properties of Pb-La metal-organic chelidamic acid frameworks

Synthesis of silver nanostructures by simple redox under electrodeposited copper microcubes and the orient attachment growth of 2D silver

We synthesized Cu2O microcrystal by solution phase reduction and drop-casted it on various substrates as reductant. Different structures of Ag, including nanowires, fold lines, dendrites, and so on, were obtained by immersing the Cu2O substrates into different concentrations of AgNO3. The products were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and so on, and their morphology is proposed to be determined by the interplay between tiny Cu2O nanoparticles and the distribution of Ag+ concentration affected by Mullins–Sekerka instabilities. Using an optical microscope, we directly observed the real-time growth process of Ag nanowire and found its growth speed to be fluctuating around 5 μm/min. We also investigated the effects exerted on the formation of Ag nanostructures by other parameters, including crystal morphology of Cu2O, heating, light irradiation, and stirring the precursor. From the experiment results, we deduced that the {111} facet of Cu2O played a larger part than {100} facet in promoting the growth of Ag na...

Electroless Deposition of Silver Nanostructures by Redox Reaction of Copper Oxide

Mesoporous silica membranes loaded with Ag or Au nanoparticles and optical nonlinear susceptibilities

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