In this work, transition elements, including Cu2+, Ag+, and Au3+, were used to dope in zinc sulfide (ZnS) by chemical solution synthesis to prepare Cu:ZnS, Ag:ZnS, and Au:ZnS nanoparticles, respectively. Transition elements doping ZnS nanoparticles form the electronic energy level between the conduction band and valance band, which will result in the green light emission. There is a zinc sulfide emission shift from blue (~3.01 eV) to green light (~2.15 eV). We also found that Au:ZnS nanoparticles will emit a green light (~2.3 eV) and a blue light (~2.92 eV) at the same time because the mechanism of blue light emission was not broken after Au element had been doped. Furthermore, we used sodium chlorophyllin copper salt to simulate chlorophyll in biological light emission devices (Bio-LED). We combined copper chlorophyll with Cu:ZnS, Ag:ZnS, and Au:ZnS nanoparticles by a self-assembly method. Then, we measured its photoluminescence spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study its emission spectrum and bonding mode. We found that Au:ZnS nanoparticles are able to emit green and blue light to excite the red light emission of copper chlorophyll, which is a potential application of Bio-LED.

Photoluminescence of Cu: ZnS, Ag:ZnS, and Au:ZnS nanoparticles applied in Bio-LED

Aqueous route to color-tunable Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots

CdS crystallites with rod- and flower-like architectures were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal growth method. The hexagonal crystal structure of CdS dominated the growth mechanisms of the rod- and flower-like crystallites under specific growth conditions, as indicated by structural analyses. The flower-like CdS crystallites had a higher crystal defect density and lower optical band gap value compared with the rod-like CdS crystallites. The substantial differences in microstructures and optical properties between the rod- and flower-like CdS crystallites revealed that the flower-like CdS crystallites exhibited superior photoactivity, and this performance could be further enhanced through appropriate thermal annealing in ambient air. A postannealing procedure conducted in ambient air oxidized the surfaces of the flower-like CdS crystallites and formed a CdO phase. The formation of heterointerfaces between the CdS and CdO phases mainly contributed to the improved photoactivity of the synthesized flower-like CdS crystallites.

/pdf/growth-of-hydrothermally-derived-cds-based-nanostructures-2k8n4dypa3.pdf

Growth of Hydrothermally Derived CdS-Based Nanostructures with Various Crystal Features and Photoactivated Properties

Copper doped Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanostructures were assembled on flexible cellulose acetate substrates using low cost sol–gel route. The effects of doping concentrations of copper (Cu) on the CdS nanostructures were studied. The sol was prepared in ultrasonic environment and used for the growth of films using spin coater. The particles and films were characterized by structural, morphological, elemental, optical and electrical studies. Micrographs obtained by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) reveal the rod shape formation in the presence of Cu with increasing doping concentrations Williamson Hall plots obtained using x ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicate the presence of stress in the lattice due to copper doping. The reduction in crystallite size is observed from 7.29 nm to 5.66 nm. Current–voltage curves exhibit ohmic behavior with an appreciable increase in the conductivity with increasing Cu doping concentrations. Samples show excellent photoluminescence behavior with good absorption spectra in the visible region.

Self-assembled Cu doped CdS nanostructures on flexible cellulose acetate substrates using low cost sol–gel route

ZnS nanoparticles electrodeposited onto ITO electrode as a platform for fabrication of enzyme-based biosensors of glucose.

The photoluminescent (PL) properties of colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) can be strongly affected by coupling of the organic moieties on their surfaces. A deeper understanding of various factors governing the actual PL emission of Cadmium sulfide (CdS) NPs is important to utilize the same in functional devices. In present work, a comparative investigation on surfactant-structure dependent PL emission of CdS NPs prepared by a convenient chemical precipitation method has been described. By varying the surfactant (stabilizer) species on NP’s surface, the PL emission of CdS NPs varies significantly under similar conditions. Additionally, the effect of photoactivation using normal daylight and UV-light has also been studied on PL of CdS NPs. Photo-dissolution of CdS NPs under both normal as well as UV-light has produced smaller NPs. The PL emission performance of the NPs has also been improved manifold after photoactivation which has been explained in the terms of changing surface states.

Varying photoluminescence emission of CdS nanoparticles in aqueous medium: A comparative study on effect of surfactant structure

Photoactivation and perturbation of photoluminescent properties of aqueous ZnS nanoparticles: Probing the surfactant-semiconductor interfaces

The total solar eclipse provided a unique opportunity to understand the effects of solar radiation on the biosphere. The present study attempts to record meteorological parameters and to compare chlorophyll contents of Portulaca oleracea and Phyla nodiflora in coastal wild conditions during total solar eclipse on July 22, 2009.  Changes in meteorological parameters such as temperature by 0.5˚C, relative humidity by 4% and light intensity around 100 lux were set to be low during eclipse day when compared to that of corresponding week. Minor changes were also observed in the wind speed and direction during solar eclipse day.  Mature leaves of Portulaca oleracea and Phyla nodiflora from coastal wild conditions were collected and analysed for total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotinoid contents at various time intervals during solar eclipse day and previous days. Chlorophyll levels were decreased slightly during solar eclipse day, whereas carotinoid levels were increased marginally in both the plant species.  Solar radiation and its photochemical phases during eclipse day are responsible for the observed reduction in photosynthetic rates of wild plants.

Effects of solar eclipse on photosynthesis of Portulaca oleracea and Phyla nodiflora in coastal wild conditions

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Varying photoluminescence emission of CdS nanoparticles in aqueous medium: A comparative study on effect of surfactant structure

Photoactivation and perturbation of photoluminescent properties of aqueous ZnS nanoparticles: Probing the surfactant-semiconductor interfaces

Effects of solar eclipse on photosynthesis of Portulaca oleracea and Phyla nodiflora in coastal wild conditions