VOLUME 1. ANESTHESIA/DENTOALVEOLAR SURGERY/OFFICE MANAGEMENT VOLUME 2. ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY VOLUME 3. TRAUMA VOLUME 4. TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS VOLUME 5. SURGICAL PATHOLOGY VOLUME 6. CLEFT/CRANIOFACIAL/COSMETIC SURGERY VOLUME 7. RECONSTRUCTIVE AND IMPLANT SURGERY

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

This study aimed to utilize micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis to compare new bone formation in rat calvarial defects using chitosan/fibroin–hydroxyapatite (CFB–HAP) or collagen (Bio-Gide) membranes. Fifty-four (54) rats were studied. A circular bony defect (8 mm diameter) was formed in the centre of the calvaria using a trephine bur. The CFB–HAP membrane was prepared by thermally induced phase separation. In the experimental group (n=18), the CFB–HAP membrane was used to cover the bony defect, and in the control group (n=18), a resorbable collagen membrane (Bio-Gide) was used. In the negative control group (n=18), no membrane was used. In each group, six animals were euthanized at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. The specimens were then analysed using micro-CT. There were significant differences in bone volume (BV) and bone mineral density (BMD) (P<0.05) between the negative control group and the membrane groups. However, there were no significant differences between the CFB–HAP group and the collagen group. We concluded that the CFB–HAP membrane has significant potential as a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane. Bone healing after oral surgery could be enhanced by new biodegradable membranes for reconstruction, according to research from South Korea. The search for non-toxic, biodegradable and hypoallergenic membranes to guide oral bone reconstruction after surgery is on-going. Current membranes are made from collagen. Sang Hun Shin and co-workers at Pusan National University have created a new membrane (named CFB-HAP) incorporating the natural polysaccharide chitosan, a structural protein from silk called fibroin, and hydroxyapatite, a component of natural bone. In a study comparing the effectiveness of CFB-HAP with collagen membranes, the team used microscopic computerized tomography to investigate new bone formation in rats. The images showed that CFB-HAP performed as well as existing membranes in terms of increasing bone volume and mineral density following oral surgery.

/pdf/comparative-study-of-chitosan-fibroin-hydroxyapatite-and-1xk78ureka.pdf

Comparative study of chitosan/fibroin-hydroxyapatite and collagen membranes for guided bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects: micro-computed tomography analysis

This study was to investigate the effect of biomechanical stimulation on osteoblast differentiation of human periosteal-derived stem cell using the newly developed bioreactor. Human periosteal-derived stem cells were harvested from the mandible during the extraction of an impacted third molar. Using the new bioreactor, 4% cyclic equibiaxial tension force (0.5 Hz) was applied for 2 and 8 h on the stem cells and cultured for 3, 7, and 14 days on the osteogenic medium. Biochemical changes of the osteoblasts after the biomechanical stimulation were investigated. No treatment group was referred to as control group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and ALP messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level were higher in the strain group than those in the control group. The osteocalcin and osteonectin mRNA expressions were higher in the strain group compared to those in the control group on days 7 and 14. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression was higher in the strain group in comparison to that in the control group. Concentration of alizarin red S corresponding to calcium content was higher in the strain group than in the control group. The study suggests that cyclic tension force could influence the osteoblast differentiation of periosteal-derived stem cells under optimal stimulation condition and the force could be applicable for tissue engineering.

/pdf/the-effect-of-biomechanical-stimulation-on-osteoblast-1w9dtcc538.pdf

The effect of biomechanical stimulation on osteoblast differentiation of human jaw periosteum-derived stem cells.

It has been established that human dental pulp and periodontal ligament contain a population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the phenotypic analysis in terms of putative stem cell markers expressed by these stem cell populations is incomplete. It is relevant to understand whether stem cells derived from closely related tissues are programmed differently. The aim of the present study is to analyze whether these stem cells depict distinct characteristics by gaining insight into differences in their immunophenotype. Dental pulp and periodontal ligament tissue samples were obtained from extracted impacted wisdom teeth. Cell cultures were analyzed for surface and intracellular markers by indirect immunoflourescence. Detailed immunophenotype analysis was carried out by flow cytometry using relevant markers. The present study data shows dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) expressed embryonic stem (ES) cell markers Oct-4, Nanog and mesodermal marker Vimentin by indirect immunoflourescence. PDLSCs, however, had a weak expression of Nanog. Immunophenotyping revealed strong expression of MSC markers (CD73, CD90) in DPSCs and PDLSCs. Differences were observed in expression of stemness-related markers. DPSCs displayed increased percentages of SSEA4, CD13 and CD166 and decreased CD9 expression compared to PDLSCs. Both stem cells express common MSC markers, different levels of expression suggests there might be more than one stem cell population existing within these tissues which differ in their embryonic status, and DPSCs are a more primitive stem cell population in comparison to PDLSCs.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/039463201202500115

Comparison of immuno-phenotypes of stem cells from human dental pulp and periodontal ligament.

Dr. Robert E. Marx, Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Books, 2006. 150 pp., illustrated, indexed $98.00 paperback ISBN 987-0-86715-462-7

The first cases of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the maxilla and mandible were documented by Marx and Stern in 2002 in a textbook entitled Oral and

Oral and Intravenous Bisphosphonate-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: History, Etiology, Prevention, and Treatment

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to compare the efficacy of osseointegration of three different calcium metaphosphate (CMP) coated implants in the rabbit’ s femur. Materials and Methods: Twenty four rabbits and three different type of CMP coated implants and RBM implants were used in this study. The animals were divided into 4 groups on the basis of implant surface characteristics. Two implants were installed into the condyle of femur of each rabbits. The animals were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks after installation. The undecalcified specimens were prepared for histological, radiological examination and histomorphometric analysis of implant-bone contact ratios (BIC) and bone area ratio (BA). Results: Two implants were failed to osseointegrate and implant success rate was 95.2%. There were not any significant inflammatory response in all groups. Fluorescent image at 4 weeks shows that remodeling is slower in RBM group than CMP group. CMP III showed more active remodeling than CMP I, II. In histomorphologic analysis, BIC ratio at 2 weeks was lower than 4 weeks. Conclusion: The results suggest that the ratios of CMP coated implants were higher than that of RBM control group but there is no significantly difference between RBM group and CMP group. In conclusion, CMP coated implant had more clinical availability than RBM implants.

Comparative Study on Osseointegration of Calcium Metaphosphate (CMP) Coated Implant to RBM Implant in the Femur of Rabbits

Osteomyelitis occuring in the zygoma caused by odontogenic maxillary sinusitis: Case report

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Comparative Study on Osseointegration of Calcium Metaphosphate (CMP) Coated Implant to RBM Implant in the Femur of Rabbits

Osteomyelitis occuring in the zygoma caused by odontogenic maxillary sinusitis: Case report