This study was to screen the ability of biofilm formation by Campylobacter jejuni strains found in New Zealand, and investigate the biofilm growth of C. jejuni in a controlled mixed-microbial population that includes five different bacteria. The ability of C. jejuni to form a biofilm in monoculture and mixed-microbial populations was measured in a laboratory assay using a microtiter plate screening assay. The optical density of the biofilm and cell growth from mixed-microbial populations was converted to a Biofilm Formation Index (BFI). This index was used to standardize the biofilm formation in the mixed-microbial populations. High BFI was observed for Enterococcus faecalis (2.30) and Staphylococcus simulans (3.75) when they were grown with C. jejuni multilocus sequence type ST-474: a dominant poultry and human-associated type in New Zealand. C. jejuni cells were recovered from most of the biofilms containing E. faecalis and/or S. simulans. These results suggest that E. faecalis and S. simulans may play a role in biofilm formation in the poultry environment as both of these microorganisms are found in poultry processing environments and were able to form a biofilm in association with C. jejuni under microaerobic conditions. Understanding the relationships among C. jejuni, E. faecalis and S. simulans in poultry processing plants and farms may help in the design of strategies to reduce the reservoir of contamination of these bacteria and reduce the incidence of campylobacteriosis.

Biofilm formation by Campylobacter jejuni in controlled mixed-microbial populations : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Food Technology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

The genome sequence of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 reveals the presence of orthologues of the chemotaxis genes cheA, cheW, cheV, cheY, cheR and cheB, ten chemoreceptor genes and two aerotaxis genes. The presence of cheV and a response regulator domain in CheA, combined with the absence of a cheZ gene and the lack of a response regulator domain in CheB, reveals significant differences in the C. jejuni chemotaxis system compared with that found in other bacteria.

Exploiting genome sequence: predictions for mechanisms of Campylobacter chemotaxis (vol 10,pg 155, 2002)

Campylobacter spp are the leading global cause of bacterial colon infections in humans Enteropathogens are subjected to several stress conditions in the host colon, food complexes, and the environment Species of the genus Campylobacter, in collective interactions with certain enteropathogens, can manage and survive such stress conditions The stress-adaptation mechanisms of Campylobacter spp diverge from other enteropathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, S enterica ser Paratyphi, S enterica ser Typhimurium, and species of the genera Klebsiella and Shigella This review summarizes the different mechanisms of various stress-adaptive factors on the basis of species diversity in Campylobacter, including their response to various stress conditions that enhance their ability to survive on different types of food and in adverse environmental conditions Understanding how these stress adaptation mechanisms in Campylobacter, and other enteric bacteria, are used to overcome various challenging environments facilitates the fight against resistance mechanisms in Campylobacter spp, and aids the development of novel therapeutics to control Campylobacter in both veterinary and human populations

/pdf/review-on-stress-tolerance-in-campylobacter-jejuni-22k0g6r3xh.pdf

Review on Stress Tolerance in Campylobacter jejuni.

Purpose of reviewTo review recent findings regarding the control and treatment of campylobacteriosis.Recent findingsThe application of improved diagnostics has led to an upward shift in the attributable burden of Campylobacter infections, in both the United States and Europe as well as in resource-p

A One Health approach to prevention, treatment, and control of campylobacteriosis.

Inflammatory bowel disease has been a growing concern of lots of people globally, including both adults and children. As a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine, even though the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease is still unclear, the available evidence from clinic observations has suggested a close association with microorganisms. The oral microbiota possesses the characteristics of a large number and abundant species, second only to the intestinal microbiota in the human body; as a result, it successfully attracts the attention of researchers. The highly diverse commensal oral microbiota is not only a normal part of the oral cavity but also has a pronounced impact on the pathophysiology of general health. Numerous studies have shown the potential associations between the oral microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel disease can affect the composition of the oral microbiota and lead to a range of oral pathologies. In turn, there are a variety of oral microorganisms involved in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease, including Streptococcus spp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Campylobacter concisus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Saccharibacteria (TM7), and Candida albicans. Based on the above analysis, the purpose of this review is to summarize this relationship of mutual influence and give further insight into the detection of flora as a target for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease to open up a novel approach in future clinical practice.

/pdf/insight-into-the-relationship-between-oral-microbiota-and-dgtoutd7.pdf

Insight into the Relationship between Oral Microbiota and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Campylobacter concisus has been isolated from patients with gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as healthy subjects. While strain differences may plausibly explain virulence differentials, an alternative hypothesis posits that the pathogenic potential of this species may depend on altered ecosystem conditions in the inflamed gut. One potential difference is oxygen availability, which is frequently increased under conditions of inflammation and is known to regulate bacterial virulence. Hence, we hypothesized that oxygen influences C. concisus physiology. We therefore characterized the effect of microaerophilic or anaerobic environments on C. concisus motility and biofilm formation, two important determinants of host colonization and dissemination. C. concisus isolates (n = 46) sourced from saliva, gut mucosal biopsies and feces of patients with IBD (n = 23), gastroenteritis (n = 8) and healthy subjects (n = 13), were used for this study. Capacity to form biofilms was determined using crystal violet assay, while assessment of dispersion through soft agar permitted motility to be assessed. No association existed between GI disease and either motility or biofilm forming capacity. Oral isolates exhibited significantly greater capacity for biofilm formation compared to fecal isolates (p<0.03), and showed a strong negative correlation between motility and biofilm formation (r = -0.7; p = 0.01). Motility significantly increased when strains were cultured under microaerophilic compared to anaerobic conditions (p<0.001). Increased biofilm formation under microaerophillic conditions was also observed for a subset of isolates. Hence, differences in oxygen availability appear to influence key physiological aspects of the opportunistic gastrointestinal pathogen C. concisus.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19490976.2018.1472201

Motility and biofilm formation of the emerging gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter concisus differs under microaerophilic and anaerobic environments

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Motility and biofilm formation of the emerging gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter concisus differs under microaerophilic and anaerobic environments