In a film produced by Johansson, a group of moving spots, corresponding to lights attached to the main joints of a walker or a runner, gives instantly a vivid impression of a person walking or running. Even when this film was inverted and run backward, some sort of human movement was still perceived. It was perceived more frequently as an upright image of a person moving forward in a very strange manner than as an inverted image of a person moving backward. Such strangeness seemed to arise from the fact that the actor's arms were perceived as legs and vice versa. The phase relations typical of the Johansson pattern are therefore still present when the film is inverted and run backward, leading to the perception of biological motions though these motions are very strange.

Upside-down presentation of the Johansson moving light-spot pattern

Varios resultados experimentais sugerem que a percepcao e producao do movimento humano
compartilham uma rede funcional comum de controle no cerebro. Para estudar esta interacao
percepcao-acao, avaliamos a precisao e acuracia atraves da realizacao de um teste
comportamental para determinacao de alvos em trajetorias semelhantes, mas que diferiram
em relacao aos seus perfis de velocidade: biologico (B) e nao-biologico (NB). Foi solicitado
aos voluntarios que estimassem o ponto final de trajetorias que tinham sua ultima parte ocluida
e que diferiam em relacao ao movimento: B e NB e direcao: subida (S) e descida (D).
Participaram deste estudo 36 voluntarios, divididos em 3 grupos: controle com 13
participantes (M = 2 e F = 11; idade media de 41,36 ± 12,91 anos), central com 12 (M = 6 e
F = 6; idade media de 51,67 ± 10,13 anos) e periferico com 11 todos do sexo masculino com
idade media de 33,64 ± 7,42 anos. Foi calculada para cada tentativa a distância vetorial
estimada [DVE (Rn
2=Xn
2+Yn
2
)]. A precisao foi calculada pela mediana da DVE e a acuracia
pela sua dispersao (quartil 75). Os resultados apontaram para um achado interessante: o teste
comportamental foi sensivel para apontar diferencas entre as trajetorias biologicas e nao
biologicas nos grupos central e periferico. Os participantes do grupo central diferiram na
trajetoria de subida apresentando uma maior precisao na trajetoria com perfil biologico (U=
7921; p=0,001), ja os participantes do grupo periferico diferiram na trajetoria de descida e
apresentaram uma maior precisao na trajetoria com perfil nao biologico (U= 7263; p=0,019).
O grupo controle teve maior precisao quando comparado aos demais grupos em todas as
trajetorias [x²=348,06(2); p<0,001]. Quanto a acuracia o grupo controle e o grupo periferico
se comportaram de forma semelhante e diferiram do grupo central [controle x central - X
2 =
16,800 (3); p=0,001] e [periferico x central - X
2 = 12,774 (3); p=0,005]. Utilizando um modelo
misto constatou-se que o grupo controle e mais exato (preciso + acurado) que o grupo
periferico e estes sao mais exatos que o grupo central. A exatidao foi maior em detectar
descida e movimentos biologicos. Os resultados sugerem perda do acoplamento percepcao-acao, a origem da lesao (central ou periferica) parece afetar de forma distinta o
reconhecimento do movimento biologico.

Lesões motoras de origem central e periférica interferem de forma distinta na acurácia e precisão de alvos em trajetórias biológicas

The human visual system is often referred to as being highly prepared to extract meaningful information from biological motion patterns. In the present study, the contrast effect on speed perception was analysed. Participants performed a test of speed judgment in which two simultaneous point-light walkers were animated at different translational speeds and contrasts in relation to the background. Standard translational biological motion was compared to rigid translational motion in Experiment 1 and to inverted biological motion in Experiment 2. Higher error rates, reaction times and greater vulnerability to contrast effects on speed perception were found for translational biological

https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/27216/1/Estudos%20Psicologia%20-%20Campinas.pdf

Percepção de velocidade do movimento biológico: mais resistente ao fenômeno de interferência? 1 Perception of speed in biological motion: more resistant to interference?

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Percepção de velocidade do movimento biológico: mais resistente ao fenômeno de interferência? 1 Perception of speed in biological motion: more resistant to interference?